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Darlington Memorial Library
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No. III.
Bein^ the firft that ever vfaf herf cut^ a.ni don
by the beji Pattern that could be had^xvhich heir
in fome placet iefeiiivey it made the ether fej
txAH : yet doth it fuffxcienH^ jittvo tht Sdtua-
timofthe Conntrty^ and cenvementJy weU
the difiance of fleets,
TKe figures that are ioyncA -wilh ilie Natnes
Places are to daftitngitiih fiich as h«ve 'been af-
iittUted bv-tlic Udiaw from otbcrs.
A Scait of fcrrvf MUes.
A 0
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3o
THE
HISTORY
OF THE
Indian ^ikx^ in ^m in^knil
FROM THE
First Settlement to the Termination of THE War with King Philip, in 1677.
FROM THE
ORIGINAL WORK,
BY THE
Rev. WILLIAM HUBBARD.
Carefully Revifed, and Accompanied with an Hijiorical Preface J Life and Pedigree of the Author,
AND
By SAMUEL G. DRAKE. VOL. I.
PRINTED FOR W. ELLIOT WOODWARD,
ROXBURY, MASS.
MDCCCLXV.
^
'^^^
Entered according to Adl of Congrefs, in the Year 1865.
By SAMUEL G. DRAKE,
in the Clerk's office of the Diftrift Court of the United States
for the Diftrid of MafTachufetts.
2^\5
EDITION OF THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES, OF WHICH FIFTY ARE ON LARGE PAPER.
^*-. ^«\*
TO MY SON,
Lieut. Colonel George Bernard Drake,
AS A
TESTIMONY TO HIS PATRIOTISM AND DEVOTION
• IN THE CAUSE OF HIS COUNTRY,
WHO FOR NEAR FOUR YEARS,
ATA GREAT SACRIFICE, AND THE PERILS OF NUMEROUS
SANGUINARY FIELDS,
HAS BATTLED FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE UNION ;
AND ALSO
TO THE MEMORY OF A BROTHER,
Capt. John Louis Drake,
WHO FELL AT ANTIETAM,
THIS TRIBUTE IS DUTIFULLY AND GRATEFULLY MADE,
BY
THE EDITOR.
PREFATORY BY THE EDITOR.
T^HIRTY-NINE Years ago I -■- propofed to myfelf an Edi- tion of Hubbard's Indian Wars. I hadj not long previous, ed- ited and republifhed Church's Entertaining Hijiory of King Philifs War. The Labor and Refearch beftowed upon this Work gave me fome additional Tafte for the Undertaking, and had made me familiar with the Sources of Inform- ation. But as I had not then feen a Copy of the firft or fecond Edition of Mr. Hubbard's Work, I had rather a Vague notion of the Value of it. The only Copy then acceffible to me was one of an Edition printed at Brattleborough, Vermont, in 1 8 14, a Duodecimo of 348 Pages — as forry a Specimen of Typography as could be found, even
vi Prefatory by the Editor,
at that Day — brown Paper and outfide Quires or Retrieve at that. The Book-ftores of Bofton then afforded no other Copy of that always popular Work, and this I purchafed of Mr. Jofeph Bum- ftead, a Printer, then a fecond-hand Bookfeller, on the Corner of Wilfon's Lane and State Street, up Stairs. Not long after I was polTefTed of this Copy of Hubbard, I found a perfect Copy of the original (Bofton) Edition in the Hands of my Friend, Mr. John Farmer, at Concord, N. H. On communicating my Obje6t of republifliing Hubbard to Mr. Farmer, he highly approved of it, and loaned me the Copy in his keeping to en- able me to correct my Copy by it. I imme- diately fet about making mine conform to the Other, and foon found I had undertaken a very ferious Job ; and that to have made a complete Copy of the Original would have required much lefs Labor than the Corre6tions I was obliged to make. Parts were tranfpofed. Words and Phrafes altered. Lines left out, and, in lliort, it was a fliocking offence to Lovers of decent Printing, and an unpardonable Sin againft one of the beft Writers of New- England. However, I made my Copy conform, in all literary Refpedts, to the Original.
Prefatory hy the Editor, vii
Owing to certain Circumftances, not necefTary to be detailed, my Edition of Hubbard was de- ferred. But, in the mean time, I had met with fome twenty or thirty Copies of the Bofton Edition of 1775, at an Auction, uncut and in brown paper Covers, all of which I purchafed. One of thefe Copies I prepared to print from, though I found nearly as much Labor in making it conform to the Original as the Brattleborough Copy.
In my refearches for an Edition of Hubbard, I had made extenlive Memoranda for a Biography of Indian Chiefs. Thefe I publiflied in 1832, under the Title of Indian Biography, &c. Thus I was diverted from what had appeared to me a very important and defirable Obje6t, by the Magnitude of a Field into which I had almoft unconfcioufly wandered, teeming with an Harveft of Indian Hiftory, rendering hitherto Publica- tions upon that Subjed: comparatively infignifi- cant. Hence I became further diverted, and hence, in 1836, refulted ^he Book of the In^ dians.
But in all this Time I had not abandoned the Idea of an Edition of Hubbard, and always kept an interleaved Copy by me, in which a Note was
viii Prefatory by the Editor,
occalionally added. Thus much I have thought it proper to note in explanation of the long Time the Edition of Hubbard has been delayed.
Refped:ing the various Editions of Hubbard, I may remark, that the only correct Edition, and the only edition any writer on Nevi^-England Hiftory can depend upon, is the fecond. Al- though it differs but little from the firft, it is the fecond which received the laft Corrections of its Author. This was printed in London, in 1677, the fame Year in which the firft was printed in Bofton. Thefe Editions are of the fame fize — both in fmall quarto, and nearly Page for Page. Both Editions contained the curious Woodcut Map, the Fac-limile of which accompanies the prefent Edition. No Edition lince has contained the Map.
It is remarkable that the Bofton and London Editions fhould appear fo near each other as to Time, efpecially in view of the great Differ- ence between then and now in Communication with New and Old England ; for we obferve that it was on the 29th of March, 1677, when the Committee of the General Court gave the Work their Sanation, and that on the 27th of June, of the fame Year — not quite three Months
Prefatory hy the Editor, ix
thereafter — it was " Licenfed " by " Roger L'Eftrange," in Lorulon. And it is ftill more remarkable, when we are alTured that the Work was in the Author's Hands a Month later than the Date of the Committee's Licenfe, or certainly until fome Time in April, 1677.'
To the unrefiefting it may appear ftrange that there was no edition of fo valuable and popular a Work as Hubbard's Indian Wars for a Period of about one hundred Years. But it is only necelfary to conlider, that Readers here were few, and that few fcarcely thought of fuch a Matter as Ameri- can Hiftory. Many of the Grandchildren of thofe who were living in the Time of Philip's War were upon the Stage in 1775. To them the Stories of Indian Atrocities were familiar, and they may have thought they had no Occafion to be reminded of them by reading. However, as be- fore-mentioned, an Edition was publifhed in Bofton in 1775. Propofals^ were iifued to print it by Subfcription in that year, which Propofals were dated, " Bofton, January 1 8." Between this
1 See page 5 of poftfcript. My Attention was firft called to
2 A copy ofthefe Propofals may this by my kind friend, Samuel P. be leen in the £^';f Gazette, y^z'^t Fowler, Efq., of Danvers Port, 4 of the ifTue Feb. 7th, 1775. a pattern Antiquary.
B
X Prefatory by the Editor.
Date and the Date of the pubHflier's or editor's Preface, occurred the Battles of Concord and Lex- ington. How a Lift of Subfcribers could have been gotten up in fuch turbulent Times as then diftraded the Community, it is difficult to com- prehend. Indeed, it is not unlikely that the Sub- fcription Lift was abandoned, as no Lift appears in the Work, nor is any thing laid about one. In lefs than a Month from the Date of this Preface occurred the Battle of Bunker's hill, which, we may reafonably conjecture, that while it deci- mated the Flower of the Britifh Army, it might entirely extinguifli the frail Propofals for an edition of Indian wars.
Mr. John Boyle was the Publiftier of the Edi- tion of 1775. His Book-ftore, as late as 181 3, was Number 18, Marlborough Street. It does not appear who the Editor of this Edition was. His Preface does not require to be inferted in this Edition. The Notes with which Mr. Boyle's Editor has favored us are very few and of fmall Value. Thomas mentions Boyle in his Hiftory of Printing, and might have told us fomething about the Work of Hubbard and its Editor, but he does not mention them, although he was among thofe appointed to receive Subfcribers for Mr.
Prefatory by the Editor. xi
Boyle's Edition. In the Propofals the Title of Hubbard is made to read thus : " A Narrative of
the INDIAN WARS in New England
from 1607 to 1677, containing a very particular Account of the War with the Pe quods, the War commonly called King Philip' j, the Narraghanfett War, and the Wars from Fifcataqua to Pemaquid Together with a Preface, & fome mar- ginal Notes by another Hand." Then follows this ftrong Recommendation of the Work, written, no doubt, by the fame Perfon who wrote the Preface : " This brief, though exa(St Narrative, is now in but few Hands ; & unlefs reprinted, muft foon be entirely loft, & with it, in a great Meaf- ure, the memorable Salvations of Divine Provi- dence to this People in their infant State, worthy to be kept in everlafting Remembrance. In or- der, therefore, that the prefent, as well as fu- ture Generations may be made acquainted with the Miferies and Hardfliips which their renowned Anceftors underwent in bringing forward the Settlement of New-England, the Publifher, at the Requefl of a Number of refpediable Gentle- men, hath ilTued thefe Propofals, not doubting that a fufficient Number of Subfcriptions may be procured amply to compenfate for the Under-
xii Prefatory by the Editor.
taking." Following this is copied the Recom- mendation, (of Mr. Bradftreet, Mr. Dennifon and Mr. Dudley) which fronts the Title-page of the original Edition. Then are given the " CON- DITIONS."
" I. Hubbard's Hiflory of the Indian Wars will contain about 300 Pages' in o£lavo,2 to be printed on a good Paper & neat Type. II. That fo truly valuable & entertaining a Work may be more univerfally fpread among Mankind, the Publilher has put the pi ice to Subfcribers fo low, as two pijlareens, fewed in blue^ [paper covers] which will be much cheaper than any Book of the kind, ever printed in England or jimerica, a Book of that Size being commonly fold at four Jhillings lawful Money. III. If any of the Subfcribers fhould choofe to have them Bound, they are defired to fignify it at the Time of fubfcribing, & the Publifher will have them done for \f. lawful Money, in plain Binding, &!_/!& \d. gilt and lettered. iV. The work will be put to the Prefs as foon as a fuffi- cient number of Subfcribers are obtained barely to defray Expenfe, which the Publilher flatters himfelf will be in a few Weeks. V. Thofe that fubfcribe for iS/at will have ay^cr/?//?" gratis. Subfcriptions are gratefully received by John Bo^jle, the Publilher, in Marlborough Street : Ijaiah Thomas, Printer, near the Mill Bridge, & Edes & Gall, Printers in Ouecn ftreet, Bofton : & by S. & E. Hall, Printers in Salem."
The Edition of Mr. Boyle I believe to be the third, as I have not heard of any between 1677 and 1775. The fubfequent editions are all Copies of that of Boyle, or Copies of thofe copied from his, and do not require but a paffing Notice.
lit contains 288 pages. Copies purchafed by me at an Auc-
2 It is in duodecimo. tion, before mentioned. Copies of
3 In this Condition were the this Edition are not rare.~
Prefatory by the Editor, xiii
The firft Edition met with after 1775 is dated Worcefter, 1801. It is alfo a Duodecimo, and contains 410 pages. " Printed by Daniel Green- leaf, for Jofeph Wilder." The Printers or Pub- lifhers feem to have become quite alive to the importance of Hubbard's Indian Wars, about this Time, as three other Editions followed very foon after, namely, one at Norwich, Con- necticut, in 1802, one at Danbury, in the fame State, 1803, and another at Stockbridge, in 1803, alfo. The Edition of Norwich is without Date, printed by John Trumbull. An Advertifement of the Time fhows it to have been publiflied in May, 1802. It is in i2mo alfo, and contains 228 Pages on a fair Type, but coarfe bluifli Paper. It is from the 1775 Edition, " with fome Omiffions of the introductory Remarks, and occafional Re- fle(5tions of the Author."^
We come now to the Danbury Edition of Stiles Nichols, 1803, a faithful Copy of the Nor- wich Edition, Errors of the Prefs not excepted. This is diftinguifhable by a Cut of an Indian in the Title-page, which Cut, could it have been feen by T. F. Dibdin, he never would have made up Faces at the engraved Title of a certain Edition of
1 Hiftorical Magazine, and Notes and Queries, i., 348.
xiv Prefatory by the Editor,
Stow's Chronicle, for if the cutting in Stow is " enough to give one the ChoUc," that of this Indian is enough to frighten any Body but an Antiquary, and might well caufe a lefs veteran Reader than ourfelf to exclaim, like Patroclus :
" Some rugged rocks hard entrails gave the form. And raging feas produced thee in a ftorm."
The most refpedable Edition fmce the two hrft is that of Stockbridge, 1803, an 06tavo of 375 Pages, on fmall pica Type. It was publiflied by Subfcription, and the fubfcribers' Names occu- pied fix clofely printed Pages. It was " printed by Heman Willard, May .... 1803."
About 1834, (the Title-page is without date) Samuel L. Knapp reprinted Hubbard in a fort of Periodical, in large quarto Form. The Work of Mr. Knapp is entitled, Library of American Hijiory, and appears to have been undertaken with a view of bringing ftandard Works on Ame- rican Hiftory into a compact Form and at a fmall Price ; but it was a Failure. The fmallnefs of the Type was enough to kill it, and the Editorfliip was of very fmall Account. In this Field of the Dead was the laft IlTue of Hubbard laid. It is now propofed to refufcitate the excellent Author, and reftore him to the Place he is entitled to among the living Ones.
Prefatory by the Editor, xv
My Notes are much briefer than they would have been had I pubHfhed the Work many Years ago, for the Reafon that innumerable Sources of Information have been laid open and rendered ac- ceffibleby Publications too numerous to mention. It will, therefore, generally be only necelTary to refer to Works known to be eafily acceffible. It may, however, be well to apprife the Reader that two of the Works, hitherto acceffible to but a few, have recently been reprinted. I refer to the two Works of Dr. Increafe Mather, covering the whole Period of New-England Indian Wars to the Clofe of King Philip's War. The Works of Mather, while they are invaluable to the Hifto- rian, are far inferior as a whole to the Work of Mr. Hubbard. This can, and ought to be, freely allowed, and in no invidious Spirit. Their re- publication with the Notes accompanying render Notes to Hubbard in many Cafes unnecefTary. Belides the Works of Mather as a Source of In- formation on the Indian Wars, it is hardly ne- celTary to call attention to that crude, but never- thelefs authentic and voluminous Mafs of Materials, entitled. The Book of the Indians. Thefe Materials, of themfelves, furnifh a pretty full Sequel to the old Works on the Indian Wars.
xvi Prefatory by the Editor.
But fince the Publication of the Book of the Indians (in 1833) Hiftories of a great number of New England Towns have been put forth. In many of thefe Materials are found important for the perfecting of our Indian Hiftory. I need not enumerate fources of Information, as my Notes will fufficiently indicate them. I will, however, refer to my Edition of Church's Enter- taining Hijiory of King Philifs War, only for the Purpofe of obferving that it was done when materials were very fcarce and generally beyond my Reach. Indeed, I may fay, it was prepared for publication in the very Infancy of Knowledge upon the Subjed:, fo far as concerned myfelf. I therefore hoped at fome Time to republifli it, with what modern Light I could throw upon it, and kept an interleaved Copy in which I have made many Additions. But I fliall probably be faved the Trouble of another Edition, as the Work of Church is now announced, by a brother Bookfeller, for publication, and quite unceremonioufly as re- fped:s myfelf.
In noticing the firft Edition of this work. Re- ference was omitted to be made to an Errata which 'occupied the lafl: Page of the introductory
Prefatory Note by the Editor, xvii
Matter. That Errata is thus prefaced : " ^he Printer to the Reader. By Reafon of the Author's long and neceflary Abfence from the Prefs, to- gether with the Difficulty of reading his Hand, many Faults have efcaped in the Printing, either by miftaking of Words, or mifprinting of Sen- tences, which doe in fome Places not a little confound the Sence, which the Reader is delired to correct before he begins to read." The Errata is carefully corrected in the fecond or London Edition, and is only mentioned here to fhow how troublefome it was to Printer and Author, living only twenty-feven Miles apart, in 1676. How- ever, " the long and neceflary Abfence of the Author " may refer to fome other Abfence, and not to his ufual Abfence from Bofton, when at Home.
As in my former Editions of the Old Chroni- cles, fo in this, I have endeavored to give the Work literally. The Punctuation I have, in fome few inftances, found it necelTary to change. Spell- ing has not been altered. As to the Ufe of capital Letters the Compolitor has been inftrudled to endeavor uniformity, and to conform to the Cuftom of the Period of the fecond Edition. C
xviii Prefatory Note by the Editor,
The Paging in Brackets is that of the fame Edi
tion.
Boflon,
1 3 Bromfield ftreet,
1 6 December, 1864.
LIFE OF THE AUTHOR.
THE Rev. William Hubbard, was born at Tendering,' in Ellex, England, in 1621, or 1622 ; came to New England in 1635, as is found by a certain Lift of Palfengers in the Rolls Office, London.^ His Father was William Hubbard, defignated on the Lift as a Hulband- man, but was from the firft, in New England, ftiled " Mifter." All thofe bearing the Name of Hubbard, who came at this Time, in the Ship Defence, which failed from London in July, 1635,3 are prefumed to have belonged to the Family of Mr. 'William Hubbard. Their Names are " W. Hubbard, Hiijh., aged 40 ; Judith, a. 25 ; John, a. 15; William, a. 13; Nathaniel, a. 6; Richard, a. 4; Martha, a. 22; Mary, 20. The two laft were probably Sifters of Mr. William Hubbard, the others his Children. The Judith,
1 Now written Tendring. Be- 'lievcd to be the Rcfidcncc of his Father before the Emigration of the Family. It is five and an half Miles from Manninglree. There is an- other near Saffron Walden.
■■2 See Founders of New England,
39- . . .
•^ There is an Intimation that he
may have been in the Country as
early as 1630, which is not unlikely,
and had returned for his Family.
XX Life of the Author,
a. 25, isfuppofed to have been his Wife; if fo (he was probably a fecond Wife. A Word more of Mr. WilUam Hubbard, before proceeding to fpeak of his eminent Son, our Author.
Mr. WilHam Hubbard fettled in Ipfwich on his arrival in New England, was made a Freeman in 1638. As early as 1629, he advanced fifty Pounds to the Company in England "for the carrying on of the Plantation," which fhows that he had been fome Time interefted in the Country, and was a man of Subftance. He was a Deputy to the General Court in the Years 1638, 1639, 1643, 1644, 1645 and 1646, and a Juftice of the Quarterly Court. The General Court, in 1638, granted him 300 acres of Land, probably on ac- count of the Money he had advanced the Malfa- chufetts Company before the Emigration ; but five Years later he had a Grant of 1000 Acres. He removed to Bofion in 1662, and died here in 1670, aged "j^. Capt. Edward Johnfon fpeaks of him as '* a learned Man, being well read in State Matters, of a very affable and humble Behavior, who hath expended much of his Eftate to helpe on this Worke ; altho he be flow of Speech, yet is hee downright for the Bufineffe."^ Yet he was acknowledged one of the moft able fpeakers in the General Court. He endowed the Grammar School in Ipfwich, and gave the Ground for the School-houfe.
Mr. Hubbard graduated at Harvard College in
^Wonder-working I'rovidencc, 109-10.
Life of the Author, xxi
1642, prepared himfelf for the Miniftry, and was fettled in his adopted Refidence as Colleague with the Rev. Thomas Cobbet in 1656. He foon became noted for his Learning and fuperior Know- ledge ; and yet feems to have avoided Diftindlion, to have been happier at Home in his own Family circle than in Places which are generally fought for Oftentation and Difplay. And notwithftand- ing he avoided Controverlies, he could not always Efcape being placed in an Attitude from which, no doubt, he would gladly have been free. Thus we are told he was one of the feventeen Clergymen who bore testimony againft the fettlement of the Rev. John Davenport over the Old South Church in Bofton, in 1667.^ The General Court took up the Matter and pafTed a vote of Cenfure on the feventeen Clergymen for their Decifion. Againft this interference Mr. Hubbard, with others, pro- tefted.- And their Adtion, it appears, had the Eifed; to caufe the Court to apologize. In 1 674, he was again one of a Council of thirteen to fettle a Difficulty in the fame Church about the admiffion of certain Members.^ We next find him attempt- ing to quiet a Difturbance in the Church of Rowley, but with what Succefs is not ftated. This was in the Beginning of November, 1675, when he was engaged on his Hiftory of the Indian Wars. The next Year he preached the Eledtion Sermon, which was printed. It is among
1 See Wifner's Hift. Old South, 2 pdt's Ipfwich, 228.
8 ; and Hutchinfon, Hift. Mafs., i, 270 3 Wifner's Old South, 11, 84.
xxii ^^f^ of the Author.
the beft then ever ilTued — flowing with a depth of Thought, and a Philofophy which no ordinary- mind could produce. It is in a quarto Form, and is occalionally found bound up with the firft Bollion Edition of his Hiftory of the Indian Wars. The following Year, namely, 1677, that Hiftory appeared, of which fufficient has been faid in the Preface to this Edition.
We have but a vague Hint that Mr. Hubbard made a Voyage to Europe ; that he was in Eng- land in 1678; that he returned "by October to the great Satisfadtion of his Parifhoners."' No- thing further could be learned, it would feem, by the very diligent and pains-taking Author of the Hiftory of Ipfvvich, long a Refident in a Part of that ancient Town, and, as is prefumed, converf- ant with its Records. Nor has any one told us whether there are any Papers extant which once belonged to our Hiftorian. It is not improbable that, as has been fuggefted in the Hiftory of Ipf- wich, Mr. Hubbard failed for London about May, 1677, and that he was then able to take with him fome Impreftions of the Edition of his Indian Wars, and to fuperintend its republication there.
Mr. Hubbard's next literary Labor was upon a Hiftory of New England. How long he had it in Hand does not appear, though it may be con-
' He fays incidentally in his Fre- Country." It is evident that he
face to the Hift. of New England, failed for England after the i6th of
that he had been in New England February, 1677, ^nd if he returned
48 years, " fave two or three Years, by Oaober, 1678, he was abfent
when he was abfent in his native but about 16 or 18 Months.
Life of the Author, xxiii
jectured that he was ftimulated to undertake it by the Friend of New England with whom he afTo- ciated while in London. However this may have been, it is certain that in the Spring following his Return from England, his Work was finifhed, and laid before the General Court for its fanction, and aid, if it faw fit to grant them. The A(flion of the Court upon it, is dated the eleventh of June, 1679, and is thus exprefled on its Records: — "This Court being informed that Mr. Wm. Hub- bard hath taken Paynes in compiling a Hiftory of New England, doe order that our honored Gov- ernor [Simon Bradstreet] and William Stoughton, Esquier, Capt. Daniel Fifher,^ Lieut. Wm. John- son,"" and Capt. Wm. Torrey,^ be a Committee to perufe the same, and make Return of their Opinion thereof to the next Seffion, that the Court may then, as they fhall then judge meete, take order for the Impreffion thereof."''- Here the Matter refted for about two Years, when, on the eleventh of October, 1682, it was again brought up, and the following Order was palled : " Whereas
1 He belonged to Dedham, and attainments. He was from Wey- diedin 1683. His Son, of the fame mouth. " He was a Perfon of fuch Name, was confpicuous the next deep and extenfive Views, that in Year for the refolute Part he took in Publick Affairs of great Difficulty, the Revolution. See Hift. and An. the Governor, Dep. Governor and tiqs. Bofton, 484. Council of the Colony uf'd to fend
to him, tho' 15 miles off, to help 2 Son, I fuppofe, of Capt. Edward them with his wife Obfervations and Johnfon, Reprefentative from Wo- Advice." — Prince, Fref. to Torrej's burn. Brief Difcourfe.
2 A Man of fuperior Abilities and * Mafs. Col Records.
xxiv Life of the Author,
it hath binn thought neceffary, and a Duty incum- bent vpon vs, to take due notice of all Occur- rences and PalTages of Gods Providence towards the People of this Jurifdi6tion lince their firft arrivall in thefe Parts, which may remajne to Pofterity, and that the Reverend Willjam Hub- bard hath taken Paynes to compile a Hiftory of this Nature, which the Court doeth with thank- fulnefs acknowledge ; and as a Manifeftation thereof, doe hereby order the Treafurer to pay vnto him the Some of fiuety Pounds in Money, he tranfcribing it fairely into a Booke, that it may be the more eafily pervfed, in order to the fatif- fa(5tion of this Court."^
Probably, owing to the Poverty of the Treafury Department, the fifty Pounds was not paid ; and a new Order was made on the 30th of March, 1683, which is thus exprelled : ** This Court hauing formerly granted fifty Pounds to y^ Reu. Mr. W^^ Hubbard in Confideration of his Pajne in Colled:- ing a Hiftory of the Firft Planting and Settling of this Colony, as in October laft, for fifty Pounds, it is ordered, that the Treafurer pay him or his order halfe of the fajd Sume, as foone as Money comes into his Hands, and that the Debts due from
1 In his Preface to the " Hiftory thcTimethc above Order was made,
of New England," — to be noticed and accompanied the Copy of the
onward, — he fays he came here Hiftory, " fairly tranfcribed into a
" about forty-eight Years fincc," but Book." Hencethe Time ot his cmi-
thcre being no Date to the Preface, gration agrees with 1635, and not
the Time is a little uncertain. Itwas, with 1632,33 *' Tranjcril/er" i'zys
however, very likely written about in Maj's Hijl. Colls.
Life of the Author, xxv
the Country be payd in Courfe they arife, due by this Court's Order."
The Work appears to have been copied and made ready for the Prefs ; but whether the Au- thor received anything we do not find. It is, however, certain that the General Court never pubUihed the Work, and it thus laid in Manu- fcript until the Year 1 8 1 5, when another Move- . ment was made for its publication. It was printed by the Mafiachufetts Hiftorical Society, by the aid of Funds furniflied by the Legillature. The Work can hardly be faid to have been edited,' and it was printed on an inferior and coarfe Paper, altogether unworthy of the Work. But poor as the Edition was, it became fcarce in the courfe of about thirty Years, and the Society found itfelf under the necefTity of republifhing it. This was done in 1848, under the very able Editorfhip of Mr. William Thaddeus Harris, of Cambridge, and was in other refped:s refped:ably brought out. It forms two Volumes of the Hif- torical Collections, making volumes fifth and fixth of its Second Series. Though divided into two Volumes the Work is continuoully paged. A number of Copies of the firft Edition were ftruck off for the Commonwealth, in Confideration of
1 There is an able and excellent been a better Chronicler. Jofeph
Preface to the Society's Edition, McKean was affbciated with him,
written by the Rev. Abiel Holmes, but Mr. Holmes evidently drew up
than whom, fince the Days of the the " Prefatory Notice," and made
Rev. Thomas Prince, there has not what few Emendations there are.
D
xxvi Life of the Author.
Funds advanced as before mentioned. Of the fecond Edition, a few were alfo feparately printed.
In compofing his Hiftory of New-England, Mr. Hubbard had Winthrop's Manufcript Jour- nal, Governor Bradford's Hiftory of Plymouth Colony, and many other original Documents, fome of which are not now probably in Exiftence, which much enhances the Value of the Work. The Fafliion of writing Hiftory has greatly changed fmce the Days of Mr. Hubbard and his Cotem- poraries. In their Time it was not cuftomary to give Authorities, or to be always Exa6t in Dates. Mr. Hubbard drew freely from his Documents, putting them into elegant and intelligible Lan- guage. Some Critics have accufed him of appro- priating Materials to his own Ufe without Ac- knowledgment, but the Accufation is an ill timed one, as ample Acknowledgment is found in his Preface.*
During the year 1682, Mr. Hubbard delivered a Faft Sermon, and a Funeral Difcourfe on the Death of General Daniel Denifon, pronounced '' fuperior productions " by competent Judges. Thefe were printed. The fame Year he was called upon, with four other diftinguiftied Gentle- men, to decide, as far as they could by ther Recommendation, a Difficulty of a parochial Nature in Andover. The other Gentlemen were Daniel
' This was recently found, in Belknap, and has been printed by tranfcript, among the Papers of Dr. the Mafs. Hill. Society.
Life of the Author. xxvii
Denifon, Samuel Philips, John Richardfon and Samuel Appleton — Mr. Hubbard's Name ftanding fecond among them. Mr. Hubbard was not of an impullive or fanatical Temperament, but for the Times rather difpofed to be tolerant, or as Hutchinfon exprefles it, " Catholic " in his Views. Hence he was feled:ed and appointed to adl in the Capacity of Prelident of Harvard College, by Sir Edmund Andros, in 1688, Dr. Increafe Mather being abfent. And we learn from an Entry in Judge Sewall's Diary, that at that Commence- ment Mr. Hubbard " made an Oration, in which he compared Sir W"^. Phips to Jafon bringing home the Golden Fleece."'
During Mr. John Dunton's Reiidence in this Country, in the Courfe of his Travels he vilited Ipfwich. The next Day after his Arrival Mr. Hubbard called upon him, " hearing he had brought to Bofton a great Venture of Learning, & afterwards took him to his Houfe & gave him a very handfome Entertainment." Mr. Dunton at once appreciated the. Character of our Au- thor— ^^obferving, '* he freely communicates his Learning to all who have the Happinefs to fhare in his Converfe. In a Word, he is learned without orientation and Vanity, and gives all his Produc- tions fuch a delicate Turn and Grace (as is feen in his printed Sermons and Hiftory of the Indian Wars) that the Features and Lineaments of the
1 Quincy's Hift. Harvard Coll. i, Reg\, vi, 74. Mr. Mather failed 58, 59.— iV. Eng. Hiji. y Grn, for England, 7 April, 1688.
xxviii Life of the Author,
Child make a clear Difcovery and Diftindion of the Father ; yet he is a Man of fingular Modefty, of ftridt Morals, and has done as much for the Converfion of the Indians, as mod: Men in New- England." ' This was the unbiafed Judgment of a man qualified to form a corred Opinion of Men ; and adds Force to the Fad:, that it often happens that thofe who do the moft Good in the World are the laft to proclaim it.
There was written a Letter to Governor John Archdale of South Carolina, dated at Ipfwich on the 26th of June, 1696, refpedling Emigrants from that Town to that Colony. It is an able Performance, and is attributed on internal Evi- dence to Mr. Hubbard. Three Years later he joined fome others in a Reproof refpedling a De- claration made by Brattle Street Church in Bofton : that Declaration being charged with being lax in fome of its Ordinances. He was now far advanced in Years, and probably allowed the ufe of his Name in fome Inftances where no harm could arife from fuch ufe. Two years after, 1701, in conne(5lion with the Rev. Mr. John Higginfon of Salem, Mr. Hubbard pub- liihed a ** Dying Teftimony to the Order of the Churches."
In the mean time he had affifted Dr. Cotton Mather materially by furnilhing him with Fadis for his Church Hiftory, This is properly ac-
' Life and Errors, ii, 134.
Life of the Author. xxix
knowledged by Dr. Mather in his Magnalia, pubHfhed in 1702.
On the fecond of Auguft, 1702, there is a Record to the EfFed:, that through the Infirmities of Age he is unable to perform his duties as a Minifter, and defires his People to provide him fome Affiftance ; and on the lixth of the following May he retired from his minifterial Labors. His Circumrtances were probably not affluent, and perhaps on the other extreme. However that may have been, his Society fliowed their good will towards him by making him a Prefent of lixty Pounds. The Hiftorian of Ipfwich fays, and of all Men of this Generation he ought to be bed: informed on this Subject: "Though Mr. Hubbard had a large Patrimony, yet he ex- pended this as well as his Salary in the Support of his Family, and in difcharging the Duties of Hofpitality and other Benefices."^
If he had become a Burden to his Parifh, which does not appear, he continued fo but a brief Period after the Clofe of his A6tive labors, for his peaceful Days were fuddenly terminated on the Night of September the 14th, 1704, at the Age of 83. The Event is noticed by Judge Sewall in his Diary, in thefe Words: "September 14th, 1704, Thurfday, Mr. Hubbard of Ipfwich goes to the Ledlure, after to Col. Appleton's, goes Home, and dies that Night." Some time before his Death, the Meeting-houfe in which he preached having
1 Felt, Hiftory of Ipfwich, 231.
XXX Life of the Author,
become old, it was fold for twenty Pounds/ His Society a few days after his Deceafe, voted thirty- two Pounds towards his funeral Charges, in which was included the twenty Pounds, the Proceeds of the Old Meeting-houfe.
Strange to fay, no Monument of any kind marks the laft Refting-place of this eminent Scholar, Hiftorian and Divine 1 Nor does any one know even his Place of Sepulture !
His Refidence was about one hundred Rods from the late Dr. Dana's Meeting-houfe, near the Bank of the River, commonly called Turkey Shore.- He was twice married. His firft Wife was Margaret, only Daughter of the Rev. Na- thaniel Rogers, and fifter to the Rev. Dr. John Rogers, the fifth Prefident of Harvard College. She is laid to have been a Lady of many Virtues and excellent Reputation, but the Time of her Death is not known, and like her eftimable Con- fort, probably refts without a Monument to denote her Place of Burial. Late in Life he married a fecond Time, Mary, Widow of Samuel Pearce, who was living in 1 7 1 o. This Connection was faid to have been difpleafing to his People, from a Fancy that he had taken a Companion not focially his Equal, while, in other refpedts, {lie was allowed to be a worthy and virtuous Perfon.
1 Jan. 16, 1701. — Heard Mr. was preached in the New Meeting- Rogers preach the laft Sermon in houfe. — Sewalfs Diary. the Old Meeting-houfe before it '- Hijl. Ipjtvich, 231. It islam- was torn down. On the 19th of entablc there are no early Hiftori- thc fame month, the firft Sermon cal Difcourfes about Ipfwich.
Life of the Author. xxxi
On reading the Works of Mr. Hubbard, every-^ one muft allow that Mr. Dunton rightly judged of the Character and Mind of that Author. Turn to his Dedication of the Indian Wars to the three Governors, and I am of the Opinion that it would be difficult at this day to find a finer Piece of Compofition. His References to his Work is as modeft as it is elegant, and fo happily conceived, that I cannot avoid extracting the clofing Part of it : ^* It carries nothing with it but Truth, (as I hope it will be found) which may well expert to meet with a ready Welcome, and fuitable Enter- tainment in every honefl: Mind : but all Men are not fo equally balanced in their Affections as to bear with Plain Dealing, and give that harmlefs Dove a refting Place in their Minds for the Sole of her Foot." England's great Poet was not more happy inhisEftimate of the Compofition of Man's Nature, exprefi^ed in thefe immortal Lines :
" Men mutl be taught as if you taught them not. And Things unknown propof'd as Things forgot."
And it will readily be perceived, that the Philofophy which operated to produce in the Mind of the Hifiiorian the Sentiment exprefi^ed in the above Paragraph was the fame which gave to our Literature the imperifhable Verfes of the Poet of Twickenham.
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NARRATIVE
OF THE TROUBLES WITH THE
IN DIANS
In N E W - E N G L A N D, from the firlT: planting thereof in the year
1607. to this prefent year 1677. ^^^ chiefly of the late
Troubles in the two laft years, 1675. and 1676.
To which is added a Difcourfe about the Warre with the
P E 0 U O D S
In theyear 1637.
^y W. Hubbard, Minijier of Ipfwich.
Andthe Lord faid unto Mofes, write this for a Memoriall in a Book, and rehearfe it in the ears of Jojkua ; for I will utterly put out the Remembrance of Amelek from under heaven. Exod. 17 14.
Wherefore it is faid in the book of the VVarrs of the Lord, what he did in the redfea, and in the Brooks of Arnon. Numb: 21 14.
As cold waters to a thirfy foul, fo is good news from a far Country. Pro v 25.25.
Exprefla Imago, et quafi fpeculum quoddam vitae human<^ eft hiftoria, quia talia vel fimilia fcmper poffiint in mundo accidere. Thucyd.
Hiftoria tradit qurf' fada fmt, et qu^ femper fint futura, donee eadcm manet homi- num natura idem.
Hiftoria cognitio tutifTima inftitutio, et pr^paratio eft ad aftiones politicas et illu- ftris Magiftra ad perferendas fortune vices. Polyb.
Publijhed by Authority.
BOSTON;
Printed by John Fojler, in the year i 6 y 'j.
Notes to the next Page.
1 The Work was probably already in print, for if the printing was not commenced before the " 29th of March, 1677," the Time to print it and fend a copy to London, and have it "Licenced" there on the following 27th of June, fhort of three Months, would be a difpatch nearly equal to what we could ex- peft at this Day.
^Bradftreet, Denifon and Dud- ley are Names too familiar to all Readers of New England Hiftory, to require any fpecial Notice. For the Names as printed to the original Edition I have fubftituted fac-fimile Autographs. It will be feen that Gen. Denifon did not write his Name Dennifon, as it is printed in the Hiftory of Ipfwich, and in many other Works. The three Gentlemen were very nearly related. The Wife of Gov. Bradrtreet was fifter to Mr. Dudley, and was noted for her po- etical Talents. Gen. Denifon mar- ried Patience, another Sifter.
3 It will be feen by a reference to
the Poftfcript, that the Author had not finifhed his Work as late as April of the Year of publication, and that it was licenced in England but about two Months after he is known to have been at work upon it.
4 A fomewhat prominent Perfon during and after the Civil Wars. He fufFered a long Imprifonment for theCourfe he took againft his Coun- try during Cromwell's Rule, and came very near lofmg his Head. His proper Charafter will be found in the Cyclopedia of Englifli Literature. He tranflated many Works, wrote Poetry, and publifhed one of the firft Newfpapers in England, a Volume of which is before me. He was of an ancient Norfolk Family, and died on the 12th of Dec. 1704. The Puritans were no Favorites of his, which he difcovered on various Oc- cafions. They retaliated by anagra- matizing his Name, making it read Lying Strange Roger. He received the honor of Knighthood from James II. See ^ Cotnplete Hiji. of Europe for 1704, p. 592.
THE worthy Author of this Narrative (of whofe Fidelity we are well alTured) by his great Pains and Induftry, in collecting and compil- ing the feveral Occurrences of this Indian Warre, from the Relations of fuch as were prefent in the particular Anions, hath faithfully and truly performed the fame, as far as beft Information agreeing could be obtained, which is therefore judged meet for publick View : and we whofe names are underwritten, deputed by the Govern- our and Council of the MalTachufets Colony to perufe and licenfe the fame ; have and do accord- ingly order it to be imprinted,' as being of publick Benefit, and judge the Author to have deferved due Acknowledgement and Thanks for the fame.
Bofton, March 29.^^^wv^^j.-^^^,^^;t^ a
Licenfed,
June 27. 1677.3
Roger L'Ejirange.^
(1, 2, 3, 4.) See Notes on redo of this leaf.
P*)008GK3IOOOlOK5(OJOSiC»0^
THE
^relent ^tate
OF
New-England,
BEING A
NARRATIVE
Of the Troubles with the
INDIANS
IN
NETV-ENGLA ND, from the firft planting
thereof in the year 1607, to this prefent year 1677 :
But chiefly of the late Troubles In the two laft
years 1675 and 1676.
To which is added a Difcourfe about the War with t\iQ P E ^U O DS \n the year 1 637.
By IF. Hubbard Minifter of Ipfwich.
And the Lord f aid unto Mofes, Write this for a Memorial in a Book, and rehearje it in the ears ofjojhua ; for I will utterly put out the Remem- brance of Amelek from under heaven, Exod. 17. 14.
LONDON:
Printed for Tho. Farkhurjl at the Bible and Three Crowns in Cheapjide, near Mercers-Chappel, and at the Bible on London- Bridge. 1677.
To the Honorable John Leveret Efq; Governour of the Colony of Majfachufetts ; Josiah Winslow Efq; Governour of the Colony of Plymouth ; Wil- liam Leet Efq ; Governour of the Colony ofCon- neBicut. 5
NOTWITHSTANDING the great and unvaluable Good that hath in all Ages of the World accrued to Mankind by order and Government ; yet fuch is the depravednefs of mans Nature, and Imperfection of his Knowledge, that it is well hard to find out, as difficult to maintain fuch a Form and Order of Government as will prove a fufficient Fence and fecurity for fo great a treafure as is the common Good, and pub- lick Safety, After the fad and long experience of former Times, fome have thought no Means can be found out fo effectual for the upholding and preferving the fame, with all the facred and civil Rights and Privileges thereunto belonging, as a Liberty in this Cafe for People to defign and chufe out from among themfelves, the Perfons that are to be intrufted with thofe great Concerns.^ What-
^ Full and ample Biographies •of the Governors of the three Colonics will be found in Eliot & x-^llen's Di6tionaries. Gov. Leet defervcs the Gratitude of this and Ages to come for his Proteftion of the fo called Regicides of Charles the I, and his ftern Republicanifm. See Stiles's Hijiory of the Judges, 92.
^ It was neceflary, or the Hifto- rian thought it to be fo then, to tread cautioufly upon Republcan Ground ; nor is his Caution to be wondered at, when it is confidered that the Author wrote 200 years before the Principles afferted by Cromwell and our Fathers were firmly eftablilhed.
8 The Epijlle Dedicatory.
ever may be faid for the extolling of the Happi- nefs of them that have fuch an Advantage in their Hands, all that may be comprehended within the compafs of fuch Power, it is for the prefent in the principal and leading part thereof devolved upon yourfelves in all the three Colonies of New England ; who by the choice of the free People in thofe your feveral Jurifdidtions, are now called to adl your feveral Parts as chief on the publick Stage of Government. Ever fmce you have taken your Turns at the Helm, there have been very boifterous Winds and rough Seas, threatning Ship- wrack of all ; which notwithstanding, you need [ ] not be difcouraged, while due Confideration is had, to whom, and what you have embarqued with you. When once the great Roma?! Conqueror^ and chief Founder of their Monarchy, was pall- ing the Adriatick Sea in difguife, the Pilot being difmayed with the liercenefs of the Winds, the raging of the Waves, his PalTenger pulled off his Difguife, and bid him be of good courage and not fear, for he caried Cafar, and all his Fortunes -J Surely Jefus Chrijl and all his Promifes, in which you are . not a little concerned, is a far better Ground of Comfort and Encouragement in a flormy Seafon. Luther was wont to fay, or did once in a great exigent fay, that he had rather Rtiere cum Chrijlo quaffi Jiare cum Cccfar ; accounting Chriji a better Friend, though falling as to the World, to
* This api illulb-ation will be found Edition 1685, " tranflatcd by feveral in Plutarch's Lives, vol. iv, 460-1, Hands."
The Epijlle Dedicatory, 9
truft to, than Ccefar landing in Power, according to the Word of Chrift himfelf, greater is he that is in yoUy than he that is in the World; fo as all fuch may fay with the Prophet, Rejoice not againji me, O mine Enemy ; for when I fall I fliall rife ; when I ft in Darknefs, the Lord JJiall be a Light unto me ; which I truft yourfelves have had fo much Expe- rience of, in thefe late dark Difpenfations, that if fometimes you have not feen, yet always you have believed that Light was fown for the Righteous, and that there fliall be a clear breaking forth of the Sun, after the Tempeft is over: what God hath planted Ihall not by Man, or any of Satans Inftruments be plucked up. It is with young Colonies as it is with Trees newly planted ; which thofe Winds as one faith, that are not fo boifterous as to blow down, do fo far Advantage as to ihake them to a greater Faftnefs at the Root.^ The Sove- reign Ruler of the World doth by fuch Ways and Means bring about his Peoples Good, at the firft, not well underftood, nor ealily brooked, till the quiet Fruit of Righteoufnefs be difcerned to fpring up unto all fuch as are exercifed therein. It hath been no fmall Advantage that the Staff of Govern- ment, and the Shields of this Part of the Earth were put into your Hands. 9 (Before the Boar out
SRefledlipg upon the terrible Storm nefs we do not emerge a better and
which has been defolating our Coun- ftronger People, we may truly " dif-
try for nearly four Years, an Ob- pair of the Republic,'' as we fhall
ferver will comprehend the full Force dcftroy the Hopet of the Enlightened
of the Comparifon drawn in the throughout the World. Text, And if by this volcanic
Eruption from the Bowels of Dark- ^ Mr. Lcet was not Governor
F
lo The Epijlle Dedicatory,
of the Wood hath broke into the Breach, and the Reftorers of Paths to dwell in, while hoth yourfelves, and thofe under your Charge and Con- dud:, are looking unto him, who is promifed to be the Peace of his People, when the Alfyrian fliall come into their Land.
The coniideration of the Power wherewith you are inverted, together with the great Wifdom, Faithfulnefs and Courage by which it hath been managed by you, in your ieveral Stations, hath induced me to delire that the Hiftorical Difcourfe enfuing might pafs into publick View under the Umbrage of your Protection. If a Reafon be de- manded for the [ ] entituling fo many Names of worth to the Patronage of fo fmall and inconlid- erable a Volume ; I need no other Apology at this time, than I find in the Words of the Wife Man ; there are Cafes wherein two are better than one, and a three-fold cord is not eajily broken .•'° For it being like to pafs through your feveral Jurif- didtions, I conceived it might need a Palfport of fafe condudl from him that doth prefide in either of them. It carries nothing with it but Truth (as I hope will be found) which may well expert to meet with a ready Welcom, and fuitable Enter- tainment in every honeft Mind ; but all men are
of Conncdicut when the War be- Proverb, when he was ordered by gan, but was eledted in 1676, after Gen. Johnfon to lead an advance the death of Mr. John Winthrop. againft the French and Indians un-'
der Gen. Die/kau. See Hohncs's 1" The Indian Chief, Hendrick, Jf/irrictui Annals, vol. 11, page 64, beautifully illuilratcd this ancient and ^ooi of the Indians, '^iG.
The Epijile T)edicatory, ii
not.fo equally balanced in their Affed:ions as to bear with plain dealing, and give that harmlefs Dove a refting Place in their Minds for the fole of her Foot. Of all Writings thofe that are hif- torical, fpecially while the things mentioned are frefli in Memory, and the A(ftors themfelves fur- viving, had need be perufed with a wary Pace. Notwithftanding the great Care that hath been taken to give all and every one, any way con- cerned in the Subjedt of the Difcourfe, their juft due, and nothing more or lefs, yet perhaps fome critical Reader will not let every Sentence pafs without fome cenfure or other. It was once by a great Man accounted no fmall Offence in an harmlefs Poet, that fome of his Titles were mif- placed as they were marfhalled up in their order : If any Hiftorian fhould commit an Error parallel thereunto, a Pardon, as it may be needed, in fuch a Script as is the prefent Narrative, fo may it be the better expected, while paffing up and down under the Guard of your Authority, yea though it fliould chance to be an Offence of an higher Nature ; as the miftiming of fome Paffages, mif- taking the Diftance of fome Places, or too often touching upon the fame Particulars, which could not be well avoided in a Colledion of fo many Occurrents too haftily drawn up, though true ; yet unfeafonably, or out of due Time coming to light, without a total omiffion of fome material Paffages. It was intended at the firft only as a private Effay, wherein to bind up together the
12 The Epijile Dedicatory.
the moft memorable Paffages of divine Provi- dence, during our late, or former Troubles with the Indians ; it might have remained in the Place where it was firft conceived and formed, or been fmuthered as an imperfedt Embrio, not worthy to fee the Light, if fome fuch as yourfelves had not both quickened the Being, and haftned the Birth thereof. Something of this Nature may be of ufe to Pofterity, as well as to thofe of the pre- fent Generation, to help them both to call to their Mind, and carry along the Memory of.fuch eminent Deliverances, and fpecial Prefervations granted by divine Favour to the People here ; as it was of old commanded of God himfelf, that a Regifter ihould be kept of thofe Wars, which in oppolition to others, were in a peculiar [ ] man- ner to be called The Wars of the Lord ; and fuch as thefe here treated of, if any, fince miraculous Deliverances have ceafed, may truly be faid to deferve that Title." If it had fallen into fome abler Hand, it might have been fet forth with better choice of Words, and more fit Expreffions, that might have left a deeper Impreffion on the Minds of thofe who are moft concerned to retain it ; however it being now likely to be brought to publick View, I have prefumed to offer it to your-
' ' Mr. Hubbard was too much Endorfement of the Cafes of Con- in advance of his Age to be a firm fcience was obtained under Cir- Believcr in " Miraculous Deliver- cumllances unfavorable to a full ances ; " hence he refers to the Knowledge of their Import. See Subjedt very delicately. And we the New Edition of Mather's Re- may reafonably conclude that his iation, IntroduBion, p. xxii.
The Epijlle Dedicatory. ^13
felves, as on the Accounts forementioned, fo alfo as a teftimony of my thankful and deferved ac- knowledgement of that Wifdom and Integrity abundantly fhown forth in the Adminiftration of your Authority.
Much Honored and Honorable, I have nothing more to add, but the engagement of my continual and daily Prayers to the God of the Spirits of all flefli, that he would carry you through all Troubles, Difficulties and Trials you may be conflicting with, whether perfonal or political ; and that he would blefs your Councels at Home ; profper your En- terprizes abroad, and long continue your Lives in the prefent Generation, for his own Glory and his peoples Good ; that after you have ferved your Generation here, your Memory like that of the juft, may be blefled, and that you may have Peace as the Inheritance of the remaining Ifrael of God in thefe Ends of the Earth : which is, and fliall be the earneft wifli, and conftant defire of Tour mojl humble and
Devoted Servant^
From my Study, J.r.
i6th, 12. 1676.^^ ^/lASi0L^jn(bh^*l
1-It flioLild be remembered, that Year. Hence the above date, ac- in the Calendar of that time, Feb- cording to our prefent ufage, is fuary was the laft month of the February 1 6th, 1677,
nii»iimnmM**j
An Advertifement to the
READER.
THE following hifiorical EJfay, was, when firji draw ft upy intended only for the SatisfaBion of a private Friend, and not for the Ufe of the Publick ; therefore hope I may be excufed, if Ifalljhort there- in of that Exa^tnefs, which might be expeBed from one that defignedly undertook a Work of this Nature : however triijling more to the Judgment of fome who have accidentally had the Perufal thereof, than mine own, I am not unwilling that others fJjould receive Benefit thereby. 'The Compiler of an Hijlory can challenge little to himfelf but methodizing the Work, the Materials heing found ready to his Hand; Diligence in gathering them together, and Faithfulnefs in im- proving them, is all that is upon point required of him ; in both which I have endeavoured to make good what the Profeffion I have now taken up obliges me unto. The Matter of Ea5l therein related (being rather Mafj acres, barbarous inhumane Outrages, than ABs of Hofiility, or valiant Atchievements) no more deferve the Name of a War than the Report of them the Title of an Hifiory,^^ therefore I contented my f elf
1'^ This may refer to Dr. I. the Indians from time to time as
Mather's Brief Hiftory of Philip's Armies, but he gives good Authority
War, in which he fpeaks of the for its Ufe, See Hift. King Philip's
fmall numbers of Men fent againft War, i66, 211.
1 6 T'o the Reader,
ivith a Narrative. Much of what is therein men- tioned, depending on the fmgle Authority of particular Perfons^an exaB Defcription of every Occurrent was hardly to he obtained : All Soldiers are not like Csfar, able to defcribe with their Fens, what they have done with their Swords : But the ?noJi ?naterial Pajfages inferted, were either gathered out of the Letters, or taken from the Mouths offuch as were eye or ear Witnefes of the things themf elves ; and thoje alfo Perfons worthy of Credit. Infuch Pajfages as were varioufly reported by the ASiors, or Spectators, that which fee me d ?noJi probable is only inferted. If any Errour be committed about the Scituation or Dijiance of Places, it ??iay deferve an Excife rather than a Cenfure: For our Soldiers in the Purfuit of their Ene- mies being drawn into 7nany defer t Places, inacceffible Woods, and imknown Paths, which no Geographer s Hand ever tneafured, fcarce any Vultures Eye had ever feen, there was a Necejity to take up many Things in Reference thereunto upon no better Credit fometimes than common Report. One or two Pajfages need a more particular Excuje, or at leaf Explication : As where it is faid, p. 2, That the firft Colony was fent hither Atino 1605, The Mijlake is eafily helped, by minding the Reader that the Patent or Co?nm{fJion was that Tear granted, when alfo Capt. Henry Chal- lons was fent over upon fome further Difcoveryof the Country, before the Adventurers [ ] would
hazard a greater Charge : Soon after the Departure of the J aid Challons the fame Tear Sir John Pop- ham, one of the principal Fndertakers, fent out
To the Reader, 17
another Ship to fecond him under the Command of Capt, Haman, Martin Prin of Briftow'"'- being Majier, who not fijtding Challons ffor he mifcarried in his Defgn^ being fei'zed hy fome Strangers in the way J yet returning with good News, the next Tear they fent out two Ships with an hundred Men, with Ordnance and other Provifion, under the ConduB of Capt. George Popham, and Capt. Rawley Gilbert, who built a Fort in fome place about Sa-ga-de-hoch, called St. Georges Fort, the Ruines of which are re- maining to this Day, as fome fay. Probably other like Miftakes may be obferved, in defer ibing the Bounds and Dimenfons of fome of the Patents, and Grants of Land belonging to the other Colonies ; but an Hiforian being no Pretorian fudg, his Report cannot prejudice any peoples JuriJdiBion, or perfons Propriety.
Further alfo where it is f aid p. 7, That the hidians had Uved peaceably with the Engliili here near forty Years, ever lince the Pequod War ; // is to be underjiood with reference to publick ABs of Hojlil- ity ; for particular Mif chiefs have been co?nmitted by fever al Indians in fome parts of the Country, but the ASlors were iiot abetted therein by any of their Coun- try men .-'5 As at Nantucket, an I/land to the Eaji- ward of Cape Cod, when in the End of the Tear
^■'Briftol. In early Times writ- i J It would not be difficult to
ten as above, but not often as late enumerate many cafes of the kind
as our Author's Time. In Hakluyt's here referred to. Some will be
Voyages it is always Briftow, fo far found detailed in the Book of the
as I remember. Prin's name is Indians. The Author again refers
written with variation, as Prinn, to the Subjeft of " private Mur-
Pring, &c. ders," as will be feen onward.
1 8 To the Reader,
1664, fojne Villanous Indians miirthered fome that filtered Shipwreck upon that IJland, yet Jufttce was done upon two or three of the chief A5l or s.^^ In like Manner within a few Tears after the Pequod Wars, Mrs. Hutchinfon'7 was killed by the Indians iiear a Dutch Plantation ; ahout which time fome other Infolencies of like Nature were aBed by the Indians Southward, either upon Long-Ifland, or in fome Place within New-haven Colo?iy. Alfo a Murther was committed at Farmington,'^ another at Woburn,'^ by fome Indians in their drunken Humour, upon a Maidfervant or two, who denied them Drink. All which hinder not the Truth of what is afirmed in the Narrative, fuch Murthers being too frequently co?n- mitted in the moji peaceable Places in the World. Such Errours as are the forementioned, being over- looked by the Candid Reader, it is prefumed there will not be many other Faults to be complained of unlefs
!'■' There is a Hiftory of Nan- Depofinons, but have within a few- tucket, and one might rcafonably Months been tranflated and pub- expcft to find in it fomcthing ex- hl"hed by Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan, planatory of this Affair. But there of Albany, to whom we are in is nothing. The x'\uthor evidently other Refpcds much indebted, thought a Hiflory of Whales and
how to catch them of more impor- ^^The Murder and Arfon at
tancc than what concerned the In- Farmington was a far more horrid
dians. Affair than the cafual Notice in the
Text would lead us to fuppofe.
I'The melancholy Fate of that For the Particulars see Porter's
unfortunate Ladv and her Family Hift. Far7nington, 31, and Qol.
appears to have been early known Rcc. Ct., i, 294. in MafTachufctts, while the full
particulars of it have but recently '-'Seethe Old Indiaii Chronicle^
appeared. Thefe lay locked up in 136-7, and Book of the Indians.
the Dutch Records, in the form of 698-9.
To the Reader, 19
fuck as are merely Typographical ; or elfe were occa- fioned by the dropping in of particular Pajfages, after the whole was drawn up, which I was willing to in- fer t, although it occafoned the Difcourfe in fome F laces to he a little niore coirfufed than elfe would have been. If ever the Matter require another Edition, more ac- curatenefs may be obferved. If thofe into whofe Hands thefe Jhall happen to come, find any SatisfaBion about the Occurents that have here fallen out, the Publiper fliall account his Pains well beftowed.
To the Rev'"'^ Mr, William Hubbard 07i his ?noJi exaEi Hijlory of New-Englands Troubles,
When thy rare Piece unto my View once came, It made my Mufe that erft did fmoke, to flame : Raifing my Fancy fo fublime, that I That famous forked Mountain did efpy ; Thence in an Extacie I foftly fell Down near unto the Helliconian Well ; Where Poetry, in Profe, made I did fee By a Mercurian Brain, which fure was Thee ; Such is thy modeft Stile, enriched with Sence, Invention fine, faced with Eloquence : Thy florid Language quaintly doth exprefs The Truth of Matter in a comely drefs ; Couching the Sence in fuch a pleafing Strain As Makes the Readers Heart to leap again: And fweetly draws him like thofe Lotteries Which never mifs but always win the Prize. But whither roves my Mufe? What can be done By'm that augments the Sea, or lights the Sun ? Go on brave Worthy, and let thefe Efl*aies, Like fair Aurora uiher in the Raies Of a Refulgent Sun arifing ckar, Hence to illuminate our Hemifphere ; That th'after Ages may extol the High-One For's Loving Kindnefs to our little Sion : And may our Senatours with due Regard, Thefe and thy future Labours all reward ; Though not in full, yet fuch Encouragement
22
As may in them be juft, to thee content;
For th' prefent Age, and thofe that fhall enfue,
Will be perpetual Debtors unto you.
Fame fhall with Honour crown thee ; and we'll raife
Thy lafting Monument in Groves of Bays.
Heaven blefs thee in thy Work, and may Succefs
Attend thee here, hereafter, Happinefs.
J. s.-
-'^ T am not aware of any pofi- tive Evidence for whom thefe Ini- tials ilanH. Once, in a Converfa- tionwith Mr. John Farmer, that An- tiquary expreffed the Opinion that they liood for John Sherman, a very noted and learned Puritan of the Time of our Author, and Inhabitant of Watertown. If the Conjcfture be correft, it proves that a great Mathematician did fometimes try to write Poetry. Judge John Davis fuppofcd that the Lines on Mitchell in Morton's Memorial alfo ftand for the fame Perfon. It may be fo, but Verfes more unlike it would be difficult to find. John Sherman is accounted the Anccftor of the dif- tinguiHied Roger Sherman of Con-
neflicut, a Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Senator of the United States, &c. It may be found that the prefent Gen. Sher- man is alfo a Defcendant. One of the moll amufmg and charafteriftic Articles on John Sherman will be found in Savage's DiSIionary. That " Volcanic " Genealogift riots in the terrible Havoc he makes in his repeated onflaughts upon poor non- refiltant Cotton Mather. Even after there feems to be nothing left of his unfortunate Enemy, he re- turns to the Charge with renewed Vigor and newer and heavier Ord- nance. After which, like his great Prototype, he muft have wept for other fields of Conqueft.
upon the elaborate Su?^vey of New-Eng- lands Pajffions from the Natives^ By the impartial Pen of that Worthy Divine Mr. William Hubbard.
A Countries Thanks with Garlands ready lye To wreath the Brows of your Divinity, Renowned Sir : to Write the Churches War In ancient times, fell to the Prophets fhare. New-Englands Chronicles are to be had From Nathans Pen, or Manufcript of Gad. Purchafe-^ wrote much, Hacluyt— traverfed far. Smith and Dutch John de Laet^-^ famous are : Martyr^-^ with learn'd Acofta-'^ thoufands too,
21 Purchas, it is believed, never added an e to his Name. At leaft he did not when he pubHflied his Pilgr 1771 age in 1613, his Pil- grimss in 1624, or his Theatre of Politicall Flying LiJeSls 171 -657-"
'^~ Should be written Hakluyt. I have feen feveral original Letters of his, all figned as orinted to his Works.
ulated by his Difcoveries ro con- ne61 his Name with them as their Hiftorian. His principal Work, or that by which he is beft known to us, is that entitled Decades of the New World. It was written in Latin, tranflated by Michael Lok, and publiflied by Richard Hakluyt, in fmall quarto, black letter, 1612. It was reprinted in the Supplement- ary Volume of Hakluyt's Voyages, 181 2, 4to.
.23 A brief Note on " Dutch John '-'"Jofeph Acofta, a Peruvian
de Laet '' will be found in the new Jefuit, was born at Medina-del-
Edition of Mather's Relation, Carpo, died at Salamanca in 1600,
p. 42. aged about 60. He wrote the
Natural and Moral Hijhry of
21 Peter Martyr, a Native of /i'^ ^^y? /W/>j-, publiOied in Spanilh,
Angleria, was contemporary with in 1 591, in French, 1600, and in
Columbus, and was probably ftim- Englilh, in a neat fmall 4to, 1604.
24
Here's Novelties and Stile which all out-do, Wrote by exafter Hand than ever took Hiftorians Pen iincQ Europe v/e. forfook. I took your Mufe for old Columbus Ghoft, Who fcrap'd acquaintance with. this Weftern Coaft. But in converfe fonie Pages I might find, Than all Columbus Gemms, a brighter Mind. Former Adventurers did at beft beguile, About thefe Natives Rife (obfcure as Nile) -Their grand Apoftle writes of their Return; Willimns-^ their Language ; Hubbard how they burn, Rob, Kill and Roaft, Lead Captive, Slay, Blafpheme ; Oi EngUfli Valour too he makes his Theme, Whofe Tragical Account may Chriftened be, New-Englands Travels through the Bloody Sea. Drake-' ga.t renown by creeping round the Old; To Treat of this New World our Author's bold. Names uncouth which ne'r Minfliew-^ could reduce
2'' Roger Williams. Of this re- markable Man feveral Volumes oF Biography have been written. Dr. Romeo Elton has the honor of being the Difcoverer of his Pliice of Nativity and Parentage. His Life by the Rev. J. D. Knowlcs is little more than a valuable Collec- tion of Materials, while the Volume by Prof. Gammel is a well ar- ranged and fyrtematic Biography. A niallow Attempt was made fev- eral years ago to circulate an old Portrait of Dr. Franklin as a copy of a newly difcovcred Painting of the Founder of Rhode-lfland. The Trick was dctcded and cxpofcd at the time by the Editor.
•^' Of the Firll great Engliib
Circumnavigator, there is not, to this day, a Biography at all worthy of the Subjedl. The Editor has for many years intended to prepare a Work on the Life and Times of the Admiral, and has an Amount of Materials for the Work, from un- publiilicd Sources, of extraordinary Value, collefted in the Britifli Ar- chives, during a Refidence in J'"ng- land. He vet hopes to carry out his Dcfign.
■-'- We look in vain into the or- dinary Biographical Diftionaries for a Notice of the Man, who early in the fevcnteenth Century compiled a Lexicon in nine Languages, and which was publifhed in London in 1617, in folio. A fccond Edition
25
By's Polyglotton to the vulgar Ufe. Unheard of Places, like fome New-Atlantis : Before in Fancy only, now Newlandis : New-found and fubtile Stratagems of War, We can quaint Elton-^ and brave Bariffe^^ fpare : New Difcipline and Charges of Command Are cloath'd in Indian by this Englifh Hand. Moxon^^ who drew two Globes, or whofoere,
was iffiied in 1625. In 1623, he enlarged Richard Perci vale's Spanifh and Englifh Didionary, a folio. Alfo in the fame Year he publifhed an augmented Edition of the fame Author's Grammar. Of the Birth- place or Time of Demife of John Minfhew we are ignorant.
2^ All I can learn of this Indi- vidual is, that he was Lieut. Col. Richard Elton, and that, in 165c, he publifhed j4 Compleate Body of the Military Arts and Gunnery, in a ftately Folio Volume.
30 Lieut. Col. William BarrifFe publifhed his fourth Edition Mili- tarie Difcipline : Or the 7 oung Ar- tillery-Man/\r[. 1643, 4to , accom- panied by his Vera Effigies. On this Pifture he fays he is " .^tatis fvs 42." Whether this " Effigies " accompanied the ear- lier Editions with • the fame In- fcription (as is often the Cafe with Engravings of our Times) is not known. The firfl Edition was publifhed in 1639. The Work is dedicated, in the pompous Stile of that Day, " To the Right Honour- able Algernon, Earl of Northum-
H
berland," and " To the Right Worfhipfull, Sir Ralph Bofvile, Knight," not forgetting " All the Worthy Collonels ; Lieutenant Col- lonels. Majors, and Captaines of the City of London. Efpecially unto thofe that are and continue Membgrs of the Artillery-Garden." At this Time the " Right Worfhip- full Phillip Skippon, Efq.," was " Sergeant Major General of all the Forces of London, and Captain of that Ancient and Worthy So- ciety exercifmg Armes in the Ar- tillery-Garden." It is worthy of note that the celebrated Owen Rowe was then an Officer in the " Garden." — Sq.^ Hijl.and Antiqs., Bojlon, 193-4.
31 Jofeph Moxon, an Englifh Mathematician and Aftronomer, was a native of Wakefield, born 8 Auguft, 1627. His Globes were an Improvement over preceding ones. His work on AJlronomy and the Ufe of the Globes, is ded- icated to the " Right Honourable, Roger, Earl of Caftlemain,' to whom he accords the " Moil Ex- cellent Invention of the Englifh Globe." In his Preface he fays
26
Muft make a third, or elfe the old ones tear. To find a Room for thy new Map, by which Thy Friends and Country all thou doft enrich. Gratitudinis ergo appqfuit.
B. T.3^
*' California is found to be an Ifland, though formerly fuppofed to be a part of the Main Continent." The fourth Edition of his Work is now before me,- printed in 1686, in quarto, accompanied by the Au- thor's Portrait. He died about 1700.
32 1 believe it has never been queftioned that thofe Initials ftand
for the diftinguifhed Mathematician, Poet and Schoolmaflier, Benjamin Tompfon. He was a fon of the Rev. William Tompfon of Brain- tree, born 14 July, 1642, died 13 April, 1714; was a Graduate of H. C, 1662. A Pedigree of the. Family will be feen in the N. E. Hiji. Gen. Regifter, xv, 1 1 2- 1 1 6. — See alfo Duyckinck's Cyc/op^edia of American Literature.
[I] A
NARRATIVE
OF THE
TROUBLES
WITH THE
INDIANS
IN
MEW'EMGLAMD,
From the firft Planting thereof to the prefent Time.
NOWN unto God are all his Works from the Foundation of the World, though manifeft to us only by the Events of Time, that fruitful Mother of all Things, which in the former Age did bring forth, at leaft did bring to Light the Know- ledg of this Weftern World, called Americay>'^ that in all foregoing Times and Ages, lay hid
•^3 That a few Words from the tion. It is doubtful if the Robert- brilliant Pen of our Author upon fons and Irvings would have been Columbus, would have been highly more eloquent, or thofe in any other valued at this Day, no one will quef- Language.
28 A Narrative of the Troubles [2
in this obfcure and remote Region, covered with a Vail of Ignorance, and locked up from the Knowledo; of all the reft of the Inhabitants of the Earth. 3+ To whom the Honour of its Inveftiga- tion doth of Right more properly belong, is fuffi- ciently declared by the Hiftory and Reports of fuch as were Eye-witneftes thereof, and not in- tended to be any Part of the prefent Difquifition. The moft confiderable Part of all the north Side oi America is called New-England.^^ In the fer- tility of the Soil, falubrioufnefs of the Air, and many other commodious Advantages, moft re- fembling the Country from whence it borrowed its Appellation. For the Knowledg thereof the World is moft beholding to the Difcoveries of the EngliJJj under the Condud: of Sebajiion Cabbot a famous Portegiiez.^^ [2] about the year 1497: though lince much perfeded by the Induftry and
■''•' If the Author had ever heard he was born in Briftol, England.
any of the Stories of the Difcoveries His father, John Cabot, was a Ve-
of the Northmen along our Coaft, nitian, who fettled in Briftol in the
and of their building Stone Mills time of I^dward the Fourth, and was
on Rhode Ifland, fcratching un- a Merchant of great Enterprife. In
couth Figures on a Rock in Dighton 1497, he undertook a Voyage of
River or elfewhere, he does not fecm Difcovery towards the Weft, and
to have deemed them worthy of was the firft to fee the Continent of
Notice. North America. Sebaftian accom-
„.„ . , a ■ -L 11 u panicd his Father in this Voyage, and
3-^ Capt. John Smith tells us how ^r , , ^ 1 .{, -vr
, ^ f^ J, , ^ J afterwards made leveral other Voy-
the Country became to be fo named. ^^ ^^^^^.^,^ ^ ^
^^^\.^.DeJcnp^on of N.England, ^f, ^e Coaft. According to the
m his Generall Htlfone, u, 1 79. Statement of his Age at the Time of
^f"' The real birth-place of Sebaf- his Death in 1557, he was born in
tian Cabot was for a long time in the year 1477. See KIplilnV Life
doubt. It is now well fettled that of Cabot. rM^>icC£cd.
2] with the Indians in IVew-England. 29
travels of Captain Gofnold, Captain Hudfon,'^^ Cap- tain Smith,^^ and others of the Englijh Nation. North America^ this pofthumous Birth of Time, is as to its Nativity, of the fame Standing with her two elder Sifters, Peru and Mexico ; yet was fuf- fered to lie in its Swadling-cloaths one whole Century of Years.39 Nature having promifed no fuch Dowry of rich Mines of Silver and Gold to them that would efpoufe her for their own, as ihe did unto the other two, which pofTibly was the Reafon why fhe was not fo haftily deflowered by her firft Difcoverers, nor yet fo early courted by any of the Princes of Europe, lying wholly neglected as it were, untill a fmall Company of Planters, under the command of Captain George Popham, and Captain Gilbert, were fent over at the Charge of Sir John Popham in the year 1606,"^° to begin a Colony upon a Trad; of Land about Sagadehoch,^^
3' Henry Hudfon was one of lumbus in 1492, to the coming of thofe enterprifing Englifh Naviga- Gofnold in 1602, are 110 Years, tors whom the Achievements of For fome new Inveftigations re- Drake had ftimulated to emulate his fpefting Gofnold's Voyage, and the Glory. After exploring the great Point on the Coaft at which he ar- NorthernSea bearing his Name, he rived, fee Hijl. and Antiqs. of Bof- failed in the Service of the Dutch, ton^ 12. and difcovered the noble River juftly
named for him, though now oftener 4o Some Explanation regarding
called the North River. There is this Date will be found in the Au-
a Portrait, faid to be of him, in the thor"'s Preface. City Hall, New York.
„._,, ^.^ . 1 Aj ^^ 'Hovf Sug-adahock. Refpedling
3 The Difcoveries and Adven- , ., , ° , j , . ^ n u
^ ,, T L c • u the Colony attempted to be eltab-
venturcs of Capt. John Smith are rru j .u .u d j -n a j
„ , ^ -" . ^ . , liihed there, the Reader will nnd
too well known to require Ipecial 1 t r .• • \. -n/r
^j .. ■, ^ ^ much Information in the Memorial
Volume of the Popham Celebration,
Notice here.
30 From the Difcovery by Co- publifhed in 1863.
30 A Narrative of the Troubles [2
fcituate on the fouth-fide of the River of Kenni- beck, and about that called Ship/cot River, about twenty Miles fouth-weft from Fenwiaquid, the moft northerly Bound of all New-England.'^'^ But that defign within two years expiring with its firft Founder ; foon after fome honorable perfons of the weft of England, commonly called the Council of Flimouth, being more certainly inform- ed of feveral navigable Rivers, and commodious Havens, with other Places fit either for Traffick or Planting, newly difcovered by many fkilful Navi- gators, obtained a Grant by Patent, under the great Seal from King James of blefted Memory, of all that Part of North America, called New Ejigland, from the 40 to the 48 gr. of North Lati- tude. From which grand and original Patent, all other Charters and Grants of Land from Pe?n7na- quid to Delaware Bay, along the Sea-coaft, derive their Leinage and Pedigree. Thus was that vaft TracSl of Land, after the year 161 2. cantoned and parceled out into many lelfer Divifions and Parcels, according as Adventurers prefented ;'^3 which faid Grants being founded upon uncertain, or falfe Defcriptions, and Reports of fome that travelled
■'- The French claimed all north covery. See Sanfon's Geography,
cafterly of Pemmaquid, and all the as publiflicd by Richard Blomc,
inland Country trom the Penobfcot 1 680, p. 429. to the Spanilii FoflcfTions in the
fouth-weft, faving a narrow Strip on '''^ A Map, made in 1625, with
the Sea-coaft, adually poflcfled by the Names of the Proprietors there-
thc Englifli, and that at bcft, was on, illuftratcs this Paffage. Copies
difputed Territory, both Nations of it accompany the Founders of
claiming it by Right of prior Dif- New England.
with the Indians in New-England. 3 1
3] " -- ^-
thither, did many of them interfere one upon another, to the great Difturbance of the iirft Planters, and prejudice of the Proprietors them- felves, as is too well known by any that have had Occafion to flay never fo little amongft them, many of whom are yet furviving. For notwith- ftanding the great Charge and vaft Expenfes the firft Adventurers were at, the iirfl Proprietors of the whole Province of Mayne^^ and others (reach- ing from the Head of Cafco Bay North-eaft to the Mouth of Pafcataqua River about fixty Miles weflward) and the Hopes they might have con- ceived of being the firft Founders of New Colonies, and of enlarging their Eftates and Inheritances by thefe new acquired PolTeffions and Lordfhips, there was little Profit reaped from [3] thence after the rich Fleeces of Beaver were gleaned away, nor any great Improvement made of thofe large Portions of Lands, fave the erecting of fome few Cottages for Fifhermen, and a few iijconfid- erable Buildings for the Planters, which were on thofe Occafions drawn over the Sea, to fettle upon the moft northerly Parts of New-Rngland.
But whether it were by the Imprudence of the firft Adventurers, or the DilTolutenefs of the Per- fons they fent over to manage their Affairs, or
44 So called, " by way of a Com- Wife of Charles was Henrietta, a
pliment to the Oueen of Charles I, Daughter of Henry IV, of France,
who owned, as her private Eftate, It was firft called Maine in the
the Province of Meyne, in France, Charter or Grant of that Part of
now called the Province of Maine." New-Englaud to Sir Ferdinando
Sullivan's Hiji. Maine, 307. The Gorges, dated April 3, 1639.
32 A Narrative of the Troubles [3
whither want of Faithfullnefs or Skill to manage their Truft, they were by Degrees in a manner quite deftitute almoft of Laws and Government, and left to fhift for themfelves, by which Means at laft they fell under the Jurifdi(5lion of the Majfachujets -Colony, not by Ufurpation, as is by great Miflake fuggefted to his Majejiy,, but by Neceffity, and the earneft Defire of the Planters themfelves ;^^ to accept of whom, thofe of the Majjachiifets Colony were the moft eafily induced, in that they apprehended the Bounds of their own Patent, by a favorable Interpretation of the Words defcribing the northern Line (three Miles beyond the moft northerly Branch of Merimack River) do reach fomewhat beyond Peinmaquid, the moft northerly Place of all New England.^^
This was the firft Beginning of Things in New England, at which Time they were not unlike the Times of old, when the People of Jiidah were faid to be without a teaching Prieft, and without Law ; and no wonder Things were no more fuc- cefsfully carried on.
In the Year 1620, a Company belonging to Mr. Robinfons Church at Leyden in Holland, although they had been courteoufly entertained by the Dutch, as Strangers fojourning amongft them, yet forefeeing many Inconveniences like to increafe,
''^ The Troubles alluded to here -J" That indeed was a Flight of
are pretty fully difcuffed in Belknap's Imagination fiinilar to what pofTefled
HiJJory of New Hamp(}:irc, and the fouthern Slave-owners, which
in other Works on our early Hif- hurried them to their own Deftruc-
tory. tion.
3] with the Indians i7t New-England, 33
and that they could not fo well provide for the Good of their Pofterity under the Government of a forreign Nation : they refolved to intreat fo much Favour from their own Sovereign Prince, King James, to grant them Liberty under the Shelter of his Royal Authority, to place them- felves in fome Part of New-England, and [then] newly difcovered ;^^ therefore having obtained fome Kind of Patent or Grant, for fome Place about Hiidfons River, they fet fail from Pli~ mouth in September^^ for the fouthern Parts of New England ; but as they intended to bend their Courfe thitherward, per varios cafiis, per tot dif- crifuina rerum ; they were at lafh caft upon a Bo- fom of the South Cape of the Majjdchiifets Bay, c2L\\ed Cape Cod, about the nth of Novem/^er,"^^ from whence the Winter fo faft approaching, they had no Opportunity to remove ; and finding fome Incouragement from the Hopefulnefs of the Soil, and Courtefie5° of the Heathen, they refolved
'*■'' All that could be obtained of '*9 Tfhey made the Land of the the bigotted and fuperftitious James, Cape, Nov. 9th. On the i ith they amounted only to an equivocal Pro- figned the memorable Compact, or mife of Connivance ; or, in other Conftitution, on board the May- Words, that he would not moleft flower, and juil one Month later them in their Religion unlefs he faw the whole Company were ready to fit at any Time to change his Mind, leave the Ship, which is the Day fincc By a moil extraordinary Piece of celebrated as FORE-Fx\THERS' Jugglery he had been made to fuc- DAY, or the Day of the LAND- ceed Elizabeth, to the great Misfor- ING OF THE PILGRIMS. tune of the Protelknt World See ,,, „, , v -i 1 „r Memoirs of Robert Carey, Earl of 7^' 1''^!^"' ^J°>^^^ ^" I"^^"- Monmouth, 139-140. courfe with them for_ nearly three
Months; meantime giving feveral
48 Plymouth, in Devonlhire. They unmiftakable Intimations of their
failed thence Sept. 6th, 1620. Hoilihty. But on the 1 6th of March,
I
34 A Narrative of the Troubles [4.
there to make their Abode for the Future, which they did, laying the Foundation for a new Col [4] ony, which from the Remembrance of the lafh Town in England they failed from, they called New-Plimoiith, containing no very confid- erable Trad: of Land, fcarce extending an hun- dred Miles in Length through the whole Cape, and fcarce half fo much in Breadth where it is broadeft. The firft Founders of that Colony aiming more at Religion than earthly Poffeffions, afpiring not to any large Dimenfions of Land, in their fettling upon thofe Coafts.^'
At Wey77ioiith alfo was a Plantation begun by Mr. Wefton in the Year 1622, but it came to
1621, an Indian named SamoJ'et, came fearlcffly into Plymouthi, wel- coming the People in their own Language. This Indian had lived with the Englifh and had learned fo much of their Tongue as enabled him to be undcrltood by them. See Mather's Rchuion, 68.
^1 Information concerning the Setdement of Plymouth in our Au- thor s Time was fcanty and general. Nathaniel Morton had printed his iV. England's Memorial eight Years before, and feveral Trades of great Value had been publiilied in Eng- land, written by the Pilgrims them- felves; but if Mr. Hubbard pof- feflcd thcfc, they were not required in his prcfcnt Purpofe. The Hiftory of Plymouth is yet to be written, iind 1 am happy to be able to ftate.
that fuch a Work is in the Hands of the Rev. Henr-^ M Dexter, who brings to the Taflc all the requifite Ability and Induftry, neceffary to its fuccefsful Accompliflimcnt.
Every Item of Information rela- tive to the Pilgrims is of intenfc In- tereft to thoufands, and it is to be hoped that Englifli Local Hiltorians will ere long recognize the Import- ance of Inveftigations refpefting thofe who have left their Shores for this Hemifphere. This Remark is elicited by a Paflagc in a recent Work — The Hijhry and Antiquitiei of the Parijh of BIyth, which in- cludes AUSTERFIELD, whcrC GoV.
Bradford was born. On its Bap-
tifmal Rev.
Willi;; 1589.
Rcgifter, the Author (the John Raines) finds that of m Bradford, "March ig,
4] with the India?is in New-England. 3 5
little.5- The North and South Border oi Majfa- chujets Bay being thus planted, the middle Part was the more eafie to be filled up, which thus was brought about. Some Gentlemen and others, obferving how it fared with thofe of New-Pli- mouth, were defiring upon the like Ground to make the fame Attempt for themfelves ; where- fore having by a confiderable Sum of Money pur- chafed of fome Gentlemen that had a Grant of the Council of Plymouth, all their Right and Intereft in a Plantation then begun in the Majfa- chufets Bay ; and having attained a Confirmation thereof by Patent from King Charles of famous Memory, in the Year 1628, they fent over a Governour" with feveral Perfons to lay fome Foundation of another Colony in the Mujfachu- fets Bay : and in the Year 1630, more of the Perfons interefted in the faid Patent (thence com- monly called Patentees) with feveral other Per- fons, intending to venture their Lives and all with them, tranfported themfelves and their Families into the faid Majfachusets, who did in a fhort Space of Time by the Acceffion of many hun- dreds, who every Year flocked after them, make fuch Increafe, that in the Space of five or fix Years, there were twenty confiderable Towns built and peopled, and many of the Towns firft planted, became filled with Inhabitants, that like
•5- In the Hijlory and Antiquities natc Enterprife. of Bojton, I have given all I could •^•^ John Endicott, whom fome
find relative to the Origin and Ter- have pretended was not Governor
mination of Mr. Wefton's unfortu- at this Period !
36 A Narrative of the T'l'otibles [5
Swarms of Bees they were ready to fwarm, not only into new Plantations, but into new Colonies: inlbmuch that in the Year 1635, a new Colony began to be planted upon ConneBicut River, partly by the Intereft of a Patent purchafed of that honourable Gentleman Mr. Fennick,"^^ Agent for the Lord 6*^^55 and Lord Brook,^^ the Lord Pro- prietors of the faid River CoiineBiciit ; at the Mouth of which they had built a Fort (called after their own Titles Sey Brook Fort) commanding the Paf- fage of the faid River. Yea fuch was the Con- fluence of People making over into thofe Parts, that in the Year 1638, a fourth Colony began to be planted, bearing the Name of New/javen from the iirfl: Town ereded therein, feated near the Midway betwixt Hudfons River and that of Con- nediicut. The Sea coaft from [5] the Pitch of Cape Cod to the Mouth of ConneBicut River, in- habited by feveral Nations of Indians, Wompanoogs (the firft Authors of the prefent Rebellion) Nar- haganjits, Pequods, Mohegins, as the more inland
■J George Fcnwick. He came Vifcount Say and Selc, 1613, died
to New England in 1636, and be- 1662. The Name of Scle was
gan the Settlement at the Mouth o'i added to the Title becaufe the firft
the Connefticut, which he named Lord of the Name of Fines was Son
Stiy Brook. He died in 1657. His of Sir William Fines, by Joan,
Wife was buried there, and an elabo- daughter of Sir William de Say. rate Monument with an Infcription
upon it was ereded to her Memory, •'''' The firft Lord Brooke was but the Infcription was illegible long Grand-fon of the noted Sir Fulke fince. Dr. Stiles faw it in 1793, Grcville, of the Time of Elizabeth, Dr. Dwight in 1800, and Dr. created Baron Brooke of Beau- Holmes in 1824. champ's Court, County of War-
•'5'' William Fines was created wick, 9th January, 1620.
5] with the Indians in New-England, 37
Part of the Country by the Nipnets (a general Name for all inland Indians betwixt Majfachiifets and ConneBicut River.) 57 The Sea-coaft South- weft from Plwiouth, was firft poft'elTed by fome difcontented with the Government of the Majfa- chiifetts Colony, from which fome being exiled, others of their Friends accompanying of them, fettled themfelves upon a fair Ifland to the South- weft of Cape Cod, now called Road-IJland,^^ others fetled upon the Mayn, at a Place called Provi- dence, and fo by Degrees planting towards Nar- haganfet Bay, made another Plantation, called Warwick;''^ which Places are fince by Patent conferred upon the Inhabitants of Road Ifland ; the reft of the Country from Pequod River^° to the River of ConneBicut, falling within the Bounds
57 Very little can be added to the Defcription of Pofitions occupied by thofe Indians. Indians themfelves were neither Surveyors nor Geogra- phers, though as Roger Williams af- firms, they may have been particular as to Meets and Bounds of certain Localities, under fome Kind of Im- provement.
•J Called by the Indians, Aqued- neck. Or, according to Mr. Arnold, that is the Spehing employed in the Deed of Purchafe of the Indians. Capt. Adrian Blok, a Dutch Navi- gator, difcovered the Ifland in 1614; and it being in Autumn, the Leaves of the Trees and Shrubs had, as in thefe Days, afflimed a reddifh Hue. Hence der Rood Eylandt — the Red
Ifland. See Moulton's Hijl. New York, in Arnold's Rhode IJland, \, 70.
^" So called in Honor of the Earl of Warwick, whofe Family name was Rich. Robert, the firft Earl, was created in 161 8. The fecond Earl of the fame Name died 1658.
^f' Every American fhould de- mand the Reftoration of the Indian Name of this River. Whoever has pafled over London, Black-friars or Waterloo Bridges in Midfummer, or failed up and down the noifome Thames of England at any Time, muft be Angularly wanting in his Senjes if he would defire to faften the Name of that River upon one of our beautiful New England Streams.
38 A Nar7'ative of the Troubles [5
of ConneBiciit Colony by Patent alfo, lince con- firmed to the iaid Colony. Things had been very profperoufly and fuccelsfully carried on in all the aforelaid Colonies and Jurifdidlions, from the Year 1620, to the Year 1636, at which Time the Narhaganfet Indians, the moll Warlike and Fierce of all the hidians in that Part of the Country, who had made all the Reft of the Indians to ftand in Awe, having committed many barbarous Out- rages upon their neighbour Indians, both Narha- ganfets^' on the Eaft-fide, and Mohegins on the Weft fide of them : and alfo upon the Englijh and Dutch, as they came occafionally to trafiick with them : and in the Year 1634, having barbaroufly murthered Capt. Stone and Capt. Nortofi,^- as they were trading with them. Afterwards one Old- ha?n^^ coming amongfi: them upon the like Ac- count. In like Manner, having committed feveral Outrages upon the Planters about ConneBi- ciit River, the Inhabitants of all the Colonies, unanimoufly fetting upon them in the Beginning of the Year 1637, they were eafily fupprefi'ed ; about 700 of them defi:royed, the Refi: either fled to the Mohawks, by whom they were all cut off that efcaped, or elfe flieltering themfelves under the Narhaga7ijets and Mohegins their Neighbours,
''I Undoubtedly a Slip of the Pen. known rcfpcfting Stone and Norton It fliould read fViivipanoags. and their Misfortunes
•'■■' Of John Oldham and his Mur-
6- In Mather's Relatmi, and the der by the Indians at Block Ifland, Notes and References there given, fpecial Notice is taken in the Hifi. will be found all that is at prefent and Jntiqs. of Bojlon.
6] with the India7ts of New-En gla?id, 39
they were by the Power of the E?2gliJJj all fub- je6ted to one of thofe two Nations of hidians.^^ Mianto?ji?7ioh the chief Sachem or Lord of the Narhagansets, expeding to be fole Lord and Ruler over all the Indians, after the Peqnods were fub- dued, began to quarrel with the Mohegins upon the Account of Sovereignty, notwithftanding a firm Agreement was made betwixt tjje E?igliJJj and the faid Narhaganfets in the Year 1637, when they had helped to dellroy the Peqiwds ;^5 and alfo notwithftanding the tripartite League between the faid Narhaganfets, the Mohegins and the Eng- liJJj at Hartford (the chief Town of ConneBi- [6] cut Colony) made in the Year 1638, wherein the faid Indians were folemnly engaged not to quarrel either with the Mohegins or any other In- dians, until they had firft aiked the Advice of the EngliJJj, to whole Determination they had likewife obliged themfelves to ftand in all following Dif- ferences among them. Yet the Ambitious Nar- haganfets fpecially their chief Leader Miantonimoh, bore fuch an inveterate hatred againft the Mohe- gins, that they were every Year picking Quarrels with them. The Mohegins on the other Side though not fo numerous, yet a more warlike
'^■' This is a very brief Summary hegans. Impartial Hiftory lias en-
of the Pequot War. Its Hiftory tirely and fully decreed that the
will be fully given afterwards. Narraganfets were the aggrieved
and wronged Party. See Mather's
•^'^ The Author was not well in- Relation, Gov Hopkins in Mnjf.
formed refpefting the Difficulties Hift Colls., Arnold's Rhode IJland,
between the Narraganfets and Mo- and The Book of the Indians.
4-0 A Narrative of the Troubles [6
People and more politick, always made their Recourfe to the Englifli, complaining of the In- folencies of the Narhaganfets, contrary to this League, fo as they would hardly be kept from making open War againft them, when they faw all other Attempts to kill and deftroy Vncas the Mohegin Sachem, by Treachery, Poifon and Sor- cery, prove ineffedtual.^^ Infomuch, that at laft the Malice of Miantonimoh grew to that Height, that they began to plot againil the Englifli them- felves, for defending of V?icas. But it being dif- covered by Vncas and fome of his Men to the E?2gliJJj, Miantonimoh was fent for by the Majfa- chufets Court to come to Bojlon ; when he came there he would have denied thofe Things laid to his Charge, but was convi6led by one of his own Fellows ;^^ and inftead of ftanding to his Promife,
•^''The Charges and Accufations we knew him to be a very fubtle
agauTll: the Narraganfets will be Man." When he was admitted,
found at large in the Records of the " he was fct down at the lower End
CommiJJi'jnersofthe United Colonies, of the Table, over againft the Gov-
There is a no more deteftable Char- crnor ;'' but he would not at any
after in all our Indian Hiftory than Time fpeak upon Bufinefs, unlefs
that of Uncas. But Affairs were fome of his Counfellors were pre-
fo conditioned that it appeared all fent; faying, " he would have them
important to the Englifh of Con- prefent, that they might bear wit-
nedicut and Maffachufetts to efpoufe nefs with him, at his return Home,
the Caufe of that Mifcreant ; and of all his Sayings." The Governor
thus was compaffed the Ruin of one further obferves : " In all his An-
of the nobleft Indians of that or any fwers he was very deliberate, and
other Period. fliow cd good Underftanding in the
Principles of Juftice and Equity, and
'■' " When he came," fays Win- Ingenuity withal."
throp, " the Court was aflemblcd, . Winthrop, although he fided with
and before his Admiffion, wc con- his Countrymen, and has made the
fjdered how to treat with him, for moft favorable Record he could for
6] with the Indians in New-Rfigland. \ i
to deliver him to the Mohegin Sachem, whofe Subject he was ; going homeward he cut off his Head, to prevent his telHng more Tales. And with great Difcontent as he was going Home, faid he would come no more at BoJio?2 ; wherein he proved a truer Prophet than he himfelf be- lieved when he uttered the Words : for in the End of the fame Year 1643,^^ making War upon Vncas^ he was taken Prifoner by him, and foon after by the Advice of the Commiffioners of the four Colonies (at that Time united firmly into a League offenlive and defenfive, on which Account they were after that Time called the United
them and againft the great Chief, by no Means warrants the State- ments in the Narrative. But Win- throp's Journal was not then pro- bably ufed by the Author. In that Winthrop confcfles that when Miantonimo was arraigned before the Court, none of his Accufers ap- peared, and he was told by that Court that it did not know who his Accufers were ! He then demanded why he was fummoned to Bofton, fo much to his Detriment ? fhowing that their Grounds for fo doing refted wholly on the falfe Reports inltigated by Uncas. " Where is Uncas ?" he demanded. " Why is my x^ccufer not here ? I am ready to prove his Treachery to his Face. I am not afraid to fee the Faces of the Englifh, though I was told that if I came to Bofton I would be put to Death. I fear nothing, for I have not wronged the Englifli."
K
The IVIaffachufetts Men were fatis- fied, and advifed thofe of Connedi- cut not to make War on the Narra- ganfets. But their Ruin was pre- determined. What it was not ad- vifable to do direftly, was eventually accomplifhed indireftly. The Mo- hegans had the Sympathy and Aid of the Connefticut Men, the Narra- ganfets were overthrown, and falfe Hiftory was written to cover the Iniquities of bad Men.
<j? «' There was this Year a very ftrange Difeafe among the Indians. They ran up and down as if Deli- rious, till they could run no longer. They would make their Faces as black as a Coal, and fnatch up any Weapon as though they would do Mifchief with it, and fpeak great fvvclling Words, but they did no Harm." Mayhew's India?i Con- verts, Page 3.
4-2 A Narrative of the Troubles [7
Colonies oi New-E7igla?id, though lince that Time they are reduced but to three Colonies ; that of New-Haven and ConneBiciit^ by the lafi: Patent being conjoined in one) : his Head was cut off by Vncas, it being juftly feared that there would never be any firm Peace, either betwixt the Eng- lifi and Narhaganfets^ or betwixt the Narhagan- fets and the Mohegins^ while Montonimoh was left alive ; however the Narhaga?ifets have ever fince that Time born an implacable Malice againft Fncas and all the Mohegins, and for their Sakes fecretly againft the Englijh, fo far as they durft difcover it. ^9
In the Year 1645, and 1646, they grew fo In- folent, that the Commiffioners of the United Colonies were compelled to raife Forces to go againft them : but when they perceived that the Englip were in good [7] earneft, they began to be afraid, and fued for Peace, and fubmitted to pay a Tribute to fatisfie for the Charge of Pre- paration for the War, but were always very back- ward to make Payment, until the Englifi were forced to demand it by new Forces ;^° fo that it appeared they were unwillingly willing to hold any friendly Correfpondence with the Englijh, yet
^^ The Affairs of this Time are of the Indians that they did not pay
fo fully defcribcd in the Booh of the the Wampum they had promifed
Indians, and the Records of the from Time to Time. Nor need it
United Colonies, that it is ncccffkry be argued that thefe Promifcs of
only to refer to thofe Sources. Sums of Wampum had been extort-
'*'I have fliown clfcwhcre that it cd at the Point of the Sword. See
was owing to the extreme Poverty Btok of the Indians, 135.
7] with the Indians in New-England. ^3
durft they never make any open Attempt upon them, until the prefent Rebellion, wherein that they had no fmall Hand, is too evident, notv^ith- ftanding all their pretences to the contrary, as will appear in the Sequel of this Hiftory.
Thus it is apparent upon what Terms the Eng- lijld ftood with the Narhagaiifets ever fince the cutting off Miantomnoh, their chief Sachems Head by Uncas^ it being done from the Advice and Counfel of the Engliflo, Anno 1643.7' As for the Reft of the Indians ever fince the fup- preffing the Pequods in the Year 1637, until the Year 1675, there was always in Appearance
"' This is in Accordance with the cold-blooded Records of the Time. The Englifir had not, nor did they claim Jurifdidion over thofe Indians then at War, and could not rightfully interfere in their Quarrel. The Battle which decided the Fate of Miantonimo was fought in the End of the Sum- mer, 1643. The precife Day and Month does not appear. Being taken Prifoner, Miantonimo was condufted to Hartford by Uncas, and there held until the Englifh fhould dircdl how he fhould be difpofed of. The Meeting of the Commilfioners of the United Col- onies being near at Hand, the Matter was deferred to that Body. It met at Bofton on the 7th of September, 1643. Nearly the firft Bufmefs brought forward was that of the Difpofition of Miantonimo. Before coming to a Decifion the CommifTioners went over all the
xA.rray of Teftimony furniflied dur- ing feveral Years by Uncas and others of the moft malignant of Miantonimo's Enemies, in which was enumerated all the vague Charges of Plots, Treafons, Poifons and Sorceries. The Commiffioners then continue : " Thefe Things being ducly weighed and confidered, we apparently fee that Uncas cannot be (a^q while Myantenomo lives, but that either by fecret Treachery or open Force, his Life will be ftill in Danger. Wherefore they thinke he may juftly put fuch a falfe and bloodthirfty Enemie to Death ; but in his own Jurifdiccon, not in the Englifh Plantacons ; and advifeing that in the Manner of his Death all Mercy and Modera- con be fhewed, contrary to the Praftife of the Indians, who exer- cife Tortures and Cruelty." — Re- cords of the CoffimiJJioners, U. Col. i, 1 1- 1 2, 15.
4-4- A Narrative of the Troubles [7
Amity and good Correfpondence on all Sides, fcarce an Englifliman was ever known to be allaulted or hurt by any of them, until after the Year 1671, when the Son of one Matfoonas^ who as was fuppofed, being vexed in his Mind that the Defign againft the Englijl.\ intended to begin 1 67 1, did not take place, out of meer Malice and Spight againft them, flew an Englifli Man trav- elling along the Road -J- the faid Matfoonas being a Nipnet Indian, which Nipnets were under the Command of the Sachem of Mount-hope ,'''> the Author of all the prefent Mifchiefs. Upon a due Enquiry into all preceding Tranfa(5tions between the Indians and the Englijh, from their firft fetling in thefe Coafts, there will .appear no Ground of Quarrel that any of them had againft the Knglifld, nor any Appearance of Provocation upon one Account or other ; for when Ply??iouth Colony was firft planted, within three Months after their firft Landing, March 16, 1620, MaJ- fafoit the chief Sachem of all that Side of the Countrey,^"^ repaired to the Englijh at Plijuoiith^
'2 1 have given all the Particulars Nipnets when the Nipnets judged
o'i \\\\% K^Ax\x\ i\\Q. Book of the In- it their Intercll to be ib com-
dians, from original Mf. Docu- manded, while, for Aught to be
menis of the Time. The Name of feen to the Contrary, they were as
the murdered Man was Zachary Independent as any other Tribe
Smith. He was murdered in what fituated as they were. Bonds of
was then Dedham, in the Month of Alliance were not much underllood
April. by Indians.
"'This will be found further
7-'5 Wampanoag Sachems were enlarged upon in the fecond
doubtlefs able to command the Volume.
8] with the Indians in New-England. 4.5
and entred into a folemn League upon fundry Articles, printed in N. E, Memorial 1669, p. 24,75 the words are as followeth :
I. That neither he, nor any of his Jhould injure or do hurt to any of their People J ^
1. T'hat tf any of his did any hurt to any of their sti he fhould fend the Offender that they'^'^ might punifh him.
3. I^hat if any Thing were taken away from any of theirs, he Jhould cauje it to he reft or ed, and they fhould do the like to his J')
4. That if any did unjuftly war againft him, they fhould^"^ aid him ; and if any did war againft them,^^ he fhould aid them}^ [8.]
5. That he fhould Jend to his neighbour Confederates, to certifie them of this that they might not wrong them,^^ but might be like wife comprijed in their Conditions of Peace.
6. That when his Men came 'to them^^ upon any occafion, they fhould leave their Arms'^s (which were their Bows and Arrows) behind them.
'•5 This Reference is to the V Ours. 'S Ifee. original Edition of Morton. It
will be found at Page 54 of Davis's ''^Article 3 fhould read thus:
Edition. An Edition gotten up "If any of our Tooles were taken
according to the Lights of the away when our People were at
prefent Day, properly paged and Work, he fhould caufe them to bee
indexed is much wanted. reftored, and if ours did any Harme
to any of his, we would doe the
'•' Morton much changed the Like to them." Articles of this Trj.ity, rendering
them exceedingly bungling, and ^^ JVe would {or they Jhould. Davis did not think it worth his
while to point out Morton's Errors, si jj^^ &•-' ^/j. ?3 Jj^^ S4 f/j nor has he correfted the Date
given by him. It was made and ''^■' Inftead of Jrms, read Bowes
executed on the 22d of March, and Arrowes behind them, as wee
1620-1. In the ift Article for Jkould doe our Peeces when we come
their People, read our People. to them.
46 A Narj^ative of the Troubles [8
7. Laftly, That Jo doings their Soveraign Lord King James would efteem him as his Friend and Ally.^^
The which League the fame Sachim, Sept, 26, 1630^^ a little before his Death, coming with his eldeft Son, afterwards called Alexander^ did re- new with the E?igliJ]j at the Court of Flymouth^ for himfelf and his Son, and their Heirs and Succelfors : and after that he came to Mr. Browns that lived not far from Mount Hope^^ bringing his two Sons Alexander and Philip with him de- firing that there might be Love and Amity after
S' For Art. 7, read, " That doing thus King Iames would efteeme of him as his Friend and Ally."
^" This date is undoubtedly a Mifprint and Ihould be 1639. See a few Paragraphs onward. The Error is the Same in the firft Edi- tion It will alfo be feen Elfe- where that Maffafoit was living many Years after this.
■'''" How, when or by whom this noted Point received the Name of Mount Hope, does not appear. Dr. Stilcs's notes, in his Edition of Church's HiJIory that its Name is " Motit-hcjup, a Mountain in Brif- tol." The Editor of Yamoyden fays, " The Indians called it Mon- tatip or Mojit Haup ; and Aldcn, Epitaphs, iv, 77, that, " According to authentic Tradition, however, Mon Top was the genuine Abori- ginal Name of this celebrated Em-
inence." But thefe are moft likely all Corruptions of Mount Hope. I vifited this Mount on a beautiful Summer's Day in 1824. From its Summit all the important Towns in Rhode-Ifland are vifible. It rifes to the Height of fome 250 Feet above the Level of the furrounding Waters of the Bay. Not far from the Summit, it is faid the Wampanoag Chiefs had their principal Refidence. Here Philip refided in Summer, and here was killed, as will be feen. When I vifited the Place, a neat odagonal Summer Houfe ftood upon the Top, ereded by Captain James de Wolfe, in I 80 1. This was furmounted by a Statue of King Philip. Thefe have been gone many Years. The following Lines of Yamoyden fcarcely do Mount Hope Juftice : " With equal Swell above the Flood, The Forcft-cinfturcd Mountain ftood ; Its Eaftward Cliffs, a Rampart wild, Rock above Rock fublimely piled.
8] with the India?is i7i New-England. 47
his Death, between his Sons and them, as there had been betwixt himfelf and them in former Times : yet it is very remarkable, that this Maf- fafoit, called alfo Woofafnequen (how much foever he affeded the Englifli, yet was never in the leaft Degree any Ways well-afFeded to the Re- ligion of the Englifli, but would in his laft Treaty with his Neighbours at Plimouth, when they were with him about purchafing fome Land at Swanzy, have had them engaged never to at- tempt to draw away any of his People from their old Pagan Superftition, and devilifh Idolatry to the Chriftian Religion, and did much infift upon it till he faw the Englifli were refolved never to make any Treaty with him more upon that Ac- count ; which when he difcerned, he did not further urge it : but that was a bad Omen, that notwithftanding whatever his Humanity were to the Englifli, as they were Strangers (for indeed they had repayed his former Kindnefs to them, by protecting him afterwards againft the Infolencies of the Narhaganfets) he manifefted no fmall Dif- placency of Spirit againft them, as they were Chriftians : which Strain was evident more in his Son that fucceeded him, and all his People, inaf- much that fome difcerning Perfons of that Jurif- didion, have feared that that Nation of Indians would all be rooted out, as is iince come to pafs. The like may be obferved concerning the Nar- haganfets, who were always more civil and courteous to the Englifh than any of the other Indians, yet never as yet received the leaft Tincfture
4-8 A Narrative of the Troubles [9
of Chriftian Religion, but have in a Manner run the fame Fate with the Reft of their Neighbours of Mount Hope, there being very few of them now left {landing. Nor is it unworthy the Relation, what a'Perfon of Quality amongft us hath of Late affirmed, one^9 being much converfant with the Indians about Merimack River, being Anno 1660; [9.] invited by fome Sagamores or Sa- chims to a great Dance (which Solemnities are the Times they make ufe of to tell their Stories, and convey the Knowledge of forepaft and moft memorable Things to Pofterity.) Pajfaconaway the great Sachim of that Part of the Countrey, intending at that Time to make his laft Farewell Speech to his Children and People, that were then all gathered together, he addrelTed himfelf to them in this manner :
/ am now going the Way of all Flejh, or ready to die, and not likely to fee you ever met together any more : I will now leave this Word of Counfel with you, that you take heed how you quarrell with the Englifh for though you may do them much mifchief, yet affuredly you will all be dejiroyed, and rooted off the Earth if you do : for, /aid he, I was as much an Enemy to the Englifh at their firft coming into thefe Parts, as any one whatfoever, and did try all Ways and Means poffible to have dejiroyed them, at leaf to have prevented them fitting down here, but I could in no way effeol it ; (it is to be noted that this PafT- aconaway was the moft noted Pawaw and Sorcerer of all the Country) therefore I advife you never to contend with
8^ The Author probably refers to Indian Apollle, very early fo called Mr John Elliot, fince noted as the See Mather, Re/. 36.
9] with the Indians in New- England, 49
the Englifh, nor make War with them. And accordingly his eldeji Son, Wonalancet by Name, as Joon as he per- ceived that the Indians were up in Arms, he withdrew himjelf into Jome remote Place, that he might not be hurt by the Englilh, or the Enemies, or be in danger by them.
This PafTage was thought fit to be inferted here, it having fo near an Agreement with the former, intimating fome fecret Awe of God upon the Hearts of fome of the Principal amongft them, that they durft not hurt the Englifh, though they bear no good AfFed:ion to their Religion ; wherein they feem not a Little to imitate Balaam, who whatever he uttered when he was under the awful Power of Divine Illumination, yet when left to himfelf, was as bad an Enemy to the Ifrael of God, as ever before.
But to return whence there hath been this Digreflion :
After the Death of this Woofamequen or Majfa- foit, his eldeft Son fucceeded him about twenty Years fince, Alexander by name, who notwith- flanding the League he had entered into with the Englifh, together with his Father, in the Year 1639, had neither Affections to the Eng- lifhmens Perfons, nor yet to their Religion, but had been plotting with the Narhaganfets to rife againft the Englifh ; of which theGovernour and Council of Plimouth being informed, they pre- fently fent for him to bring him to the Court ; the Perfon to whom that Service was committed, L
50 A Narrative of the Troubles [lo
was a prudent and refolute Gentleman, the prefent Governour of the laid Colony, who was neither afraid of Danger, nor yet willing to delay in a [lo] matter of that Moment, he forthwith taking eight or ten flout Men with him well armed, intended to have gone to the faid Alexander^ s Dwelling, diftant at leaft forty Miles from the Governour's Houfe ; but by a good Providence, he found him whom he went to feek at a Hunting-Houfe, within fix miles of the Englifli Towns, when the faid Alex- ander with about eighty9° Men were newly come in from Hunting, and had left their Guns with- out Doors, which Major Wmjlow with his fmall Company wifely feized, and conveyed away, and then went into the Wigwam, and demanded Alexander to go along with him before the Gov- ernour, at which Melfage he was much appall'd, but being told by the undaunted MelTenger, that if he ftir'd or refufed to go, he was a dead Man ; he was by one of his chief Councellors, in whofe Advice he moft confided, perfwaded to go along to the Governours Houfe, but fuch was the Pride and Height of his Spirit, that the very Surprizal of him, fo raifed his Choler and Indignation, that it put him into a Fever, which notwithfi:anding all pofiible Means that could be ufed, feemed
"" See Letter of John Cotton of fund ry Squaws." This is unquef-
PlymoLith to Dr. I. Mather, tionably corrcd, and the " eighty "
printed in Davis's Morton, 426-7. in the Text is an Error eafily made
It is there ftatcd that " Alexander in tranfcrihing. See alfo Mather's
had with him about 8 Men and Relation, 228.
lo] with the Indians in New-England. 5 1
Mortal ; whereupon entreating thofe who held him Prifoner, that he might have Liberty to re- turn Home, promifing to return again if he re- covered, and to fend his Son as Hoftage till he could do fo ; on that Conlideration he was fairly difmiffed, but died before he got half Way Home. Here let it be obferved, that although Some have taken up falfe Reports, as if the Englifh had compelled him to go further or fafter than he was able, and fo fell into a Fever, or as if he were not well ufed by the Phyiician that looked to him, while he was with the Englifli, all which are notorioufly Falfe ;9' nor is it to be imagined that a Perfon of fo noble a Difpofition as is that Gen- tleman (at that Time employed to bring him) fhould himfelf, or fuffer any elfe to be uncivil^^ to a Perfon allied to them by his own, as well as his Fathers League, as the faid Philip alfo was ; nor was any Thing of that Nature ever objected to the Englifh of Plimotith'^^ by the faid Alexan-
9' Mather, in his Relation, is civil Affair. But it appears that rather more circumftantial than fome of the Party who captured Mr. Hubbard, but the two Ac- Alexander reported that he went counts do not differ materially, freely, and made no Objedlion. The Affair happened probably in This can be eafily believed, fee- July, 1662. ing that the Arms of all his Party
had been feized by his Captors.
92 The Author's Idea of Civility
muft have been widely different ''^ The Year previous there was
from ours, and I apprehend he a War between the Mohegans and
would nothaveaccountedbeingmade Nipnets, which caufed a good deal
a Prifoner himfelf, and forced to of Anxiety, and Philip being or-
march againft his Will many Miles dered to appear at Plymouth may
and kept in Confinement, a very have had Something to do with it.
52 A Narrative of the Troubles [ i o
ders Brother, by name Philips commonly for his ambitious and haughty Spirit nick-named King Philip, when he came in the Year 1662, in his own Perfon with Saiifaman his Secretary and chief Councellor to renew the former League that had been between his Predeceflbrs and the EngHfli of Pltmouth ; but there was as much Correfpondence betwixt them for the next feven Years, as ever had been in any former Times. What can be imagined therefore, befides the In- ftigation of Satan, that either envied at the Prof- perity of the Church of God here feated ; or elfe fearing left the Power of the Lord Jefus, that had
while the Englifh might well im- agine that their Couife with Alex- ander gave fufficient Occafion for Diftrull. Then Maflachufetts claimed Jurifdiftion over the Nip- nets or a Part of them, and Con- nefticut defended the Mohegans. In May, i66i, M'aflachufetts de- manded Satisfadion of Uncas, " for that he had offered great Violence to theire Stibjeds at Ouabauke, killing fome and taking others Cap- tive." That, "If he did not returne the Captives and ^£33 Damage, then the Maffachufets would recover it by Force of Armes." Major Mafon returned an Apology or Defence of Uncas, faying, the Indians of Oabaukutt were none of Wofamcqucn's men, and confequently not under the Maflachufetts ; but that they were Onopcquin's men, and that Ono- pequin his deadly Enemy was born there. Alexander, alias Wamfulta
was at Plymouth in 1661 and de- clared that the Quabauke Indians belonged to him, " and further faid that hee did warr againft Vncas this Summer on that Account." Befides fome Documents in the Plym. Colofiy Records, important Fafts from original MSS. will be feen in the Book of tke Indians up^n this Affair.
Maffaffoit died in the Winter of 1660-1, as is inferred from the Documents above referred to. The Death of Alexander occurred in the End of Summer, perhaps in September, 1661, and Philip his fucceffor was fummoned to Ply- mouth in 1662, as mentioned in the Text. He was there on the 6th of Auguft, and jnade a Treaty. " John Sufamcn and Francis, Sa- chem of Naufct " were with him, and witncffed the Treaty. See Mather's Relation, 227, and Plym, CoL Records, iv, 256.
Ill with the Indians i7^ New-England. 5 3
overthrown his Kingdom in other Parts of the World fhould do the Like here, and fo the Stone taken out of the Mountain without Hands, fhould become a great Mountain it felf, and fill the [11] whole Earth, no Caufe of Provoca- tion being given by the Englifli ; for once before this, in the Year 1671, the Devil, who was a Murderer from the Beginning, had fo filled the Heart of this favage Mifcreant with Envy and Malice againfi: the Englifli, that he was ready to break out into open War againft the Inhabitants of PUmouth, pretending fome petite Injuries done to him in planting Land ;9+ but when the Matter of Controverfie came to be heard before Divers of the Majfachujets Colony : yea when he himfelf came to Bojion,'^^ as it were referring his Cafe to the Judgment of that Colony, nothing of that Nature could be made to appear ; Whereupon in way of Submiflion, he was of Neceffity by that
^^ It is a natural Confequence, plying the only true Remedy for
that any People living by the Side their Degradation, felonioufly ftruck
of another more profperous than at the Life of the Nation regardlefs
themfelves fhould become Envious of Confcquences. But while the
Incapable of equalling their Neigh- Cafe of the Indians is not a Parallel
bors, their Envy in Time becomes one in fome Refpefts, it is very
Hatred, and this be:^cts Violence fimilar in others, and War. That was the Condi- tion of the North and South before -''^ Our Author's Statement is in
the prefent Rebellion The South, Accordance with the popular Opin-
with its Millftone of Slavery about ion of his Time, while the Docu-
its Neck, faw the Free States rap- ments which have come down to
idly increafing in Everything that us fliow that the adlual Condition
makes a People great and refpefted, of Things was not clearly feen by
and chafing under its Inability the Writers of that Period. See
to rife with them, inftead of ap- Book of the hidians, p. 207.
54- A Narrative of the Troubles [ 1 1
evident Convidiion, forced to acknowledge that it was the Naughtinefs of his own Heart that put him upon that RebelHon, and nothing of any Provocation from the EngHih ; and to a Con- feffion of this Nature, with a folemn Renewal of his Covenant, declaring his Defire, that this his Covenant might teftifie to the World againfl: him, if ever he lliould prove unfaithful to thofe of Plimouthj or any other of the Englifh Colonies therein ; himfelf with his chief Councellors fub- fcribed in the Prefence of fome Meffengers fent on purpofe to hear the Difference between Pli- mouth and the faid Philip. "^^ But for further Sat- isfaction of the Reader, the faid Agreement and SubmilTion fhall be here publiflied.
Taunton^ April loth, 1671.
Whereas my Father^ my Brother^ and my felf, have formally Jubmitted ourjehves and our People unto the Kings Majefty of England^ and to the Colony of New Plimouth, by folemn Covenant under our Hand; but I having of late through my Indifcretion^ and the Naughtinefs of my Heart, violated and broken this my Covenant with my Friends, by taking up Arms, with evil intent againft them, and that groundlejjly ; I being now deeply fenfible of my Unfaithful- nefs and Folly, do defire at this ^ime folemnly to renew my Covenant with my ancient Friends, and my Fathers Friends above mentioned, and do defire that this may teftifie to the World againfi: me if ever I /hall again fail in my Faithfulnefs towards them (that I have now, and at all
^^' How much Indians had to do hecaufe they had not the Power to with mailing Treaties, it is not refill. An unwritten Word of difficult to judge. They acquiefced. Honor with them was fufficient.
1 2 1 with the Indians in New- England, 5 5
Times found Jo kind to me) or any other of the Englifh Colonies ; and as a real Pledg of my true Intentions for the Future to be Faithful and Friendly^ I do freely engage to refign up unto the Government of New Plimouth, all my Englifh Arms J to be kept by them for their Security , [ 1 2] Jo long as they fhall fee Reajon. For true Performance of the Premijes^ I have hereunto Jet my Hand^ together with the Reft of my Council.
In Prefence of The Mark of P. Philip.
William Davis. chief Sachem of Pocanoket.
William Hudjon. The Mark o^ V. Tavojer.
Thomas Brattle. The Mark of Capt. Wijpojke.
The Mark of T. Woonkapon- chunt. \_Woonkaponchunt.~\ The Mark of 8. Nimrod.^i
To which for the further clearing the Juftice of the prefent War, the Refult of the Debate of the Commiffioners of the United Colonies about the Matter of the War fhall be here inferted.
At a Meeting of the Commiffioners of the United Colonies held in Bojion^
September <^th^ 1675. We having received from the Commiffioners f?/" Plimouth a Narrative fhewing the Rije and Jeveral Steps of that Colony^ as to the prefent War with the Indians^ which had its Beginning there, and its Progrejs into the Majfa- chufetts, hy their Injolencies and Outrages, murthering many Perfons, and burning their Houfes injundry Planta-
^"^ From this Treaty to the next, Hubbard does not touch upon thofe
which was held at Plymouth in Troubles. Mother, m\\\s Relation,
September following (1671) there has Tome Account of them. See
was continued Excitement. Mr. Plymouth Colony Records.
56 A Narrative of the Troubles [13
tions in both Colonies. And having only confidered the Jame^ do declare^ that the /aid War doth appear to be both Jujl and Necejfary, and its fir fi Rife only a defenfive War, And therefore we do agree and conclude^ that it ought to be jointly profecuted by all the united Colonies^ and the Charges thereof to be born and paidy as is agreed in the Articles of Confederation.
Thomas Danforth,
John Winthrop. William Stoughton.
James Richards. Jofiah Winflow.
Thomas Hinckley. Yet whatever his Submiffion was before, or his fubjedting himfelf and his People to our King, or his Engagement to pay a Sum of Money in Part of the Charges then occafioned by him (nor have the Englilh in or about P//- mouth, fince, or before that Time been any Ways injurious unto him, or any of his People) all which are fully declared in a Narrative9^ given by the Commiffioners of the Colony of PUmouth, wherein they alfo lignifie that the Settlement and Iffiie of the former Controver[i3]fie be- tween Philip and them, was obtained and made (principally) by the Mediation, and interpofed Advice and Counfel of the other two confederate Colonies, and alfo in a Letter under the Gover- nours Hand in thefe Words : —
/ think I can clearly fay, that before thefe prefent Troubles broke out, the Englijh did not pofjefs one Foot of Land in this Colony but what was fairly obtained by
9" That Narrative is of great Mather's Brief Hijiory, p. 217- Intcrert, and may be read in 222.
13] with the India2ts in New-England, ^j
honeji Purchafe of^ the Indian Proprietors : Nay^ becaufe Jome of our People are of a covetous Difpofttion^ and the Indians are in Streights eafily prevailed with to part with their Lands, we firfl made a Law^^ that none fhould pur- chafe or receive cf Gift any Land of the Indians without the Knowledge and Allowance of our Courts and Penalty of a Fine, five Pound per Acre for all that fhould be bought as obtained. And lefi: yet they fhould be fireightned we ordered that Mount-Hope, Pocaflet and Jeveral other Necks of the befi Land in the Colony (becaufe moji Juitable and .convenient for them), fJiould never be bought out of their Hands, or elfe they would have fold them long fince. And our Neighbors of Rehoboth, and Swanzy, athough they bought their Lands fairly of this Philip and his Father and Brother, yet becaufe of their Vicinity, that they ?night not trefpajs upon the In- dians, did at their own Coft Jet up a very Jubjlantial Fence quite crojs that great Neck between the Engli/h and the Indians, and payed due Damage if at any Time any unruly Horfe or other Beafts brake in and trefpajfed. And for divers Tears laft pafi (that all Occafions of Of- fence in that refpe£f might be prevented) ; the Englifh agreed with Philip and his, for a certain Sum, yearly, to maintain the Jaid Fence, and Je cure themf elves. And if at any Time they have brought Complaints before us, they have had Juftice impartial and Jpeedyly , Jo that our own People have frequently complained, that we erred on the other Hand in /hewing them overmuch Favour.
Marfhfield, May i. Jos. Winflow.99
1676.
Yet did this treacherous and perfidious Caitiff
"'^ Son of Governor Edward of the Winflows, See Mifs E.
Winflow, and "the firft native- T\\.oma.ih Memorials of Mar fkf eld,
born Governor of the Old Col- 17, &c. See alfo a Pedigree in the A'',
ony." For an intcrefting Account Eng. Hifi. andGeti. Regr., iv, 297.
M
58 A Narrativeof the Troubles [14.
ftill harbour the fame or more mifchievous Thoughts againft the Enghfli than ever before, and hath been fince that Time plotting with all the Indians round ^out to make a general In- furred:ion againft the Englifli in all the Colonies ; which, as fome Prifoners lately brought in have confelfed, lliould have been put in Execution at once, by all the Indians rifing as one Man, againft all thofe Plantations of Englifli which were next them. The Narhaganfets having promifed, as was confelfed, to rife with four thoufand fighting Men in the Spring of this prefent Year 1676.'°° But by the Occalion hereafter to be mentioned about Saiifaman, Philip was neceffitated for [14.] the Safety of his own Life to begin his Rebellion the Year before, when the Defign was not fully ripe. Yet fome are ready to think, that if his own Life had not now been in Jeopardy by the Guilt of the forefaid Murther of Saufaman, his Heart might have failed him, when it fhould have come to be put in Execution, as it did be- fore in the Year 1671, which made one of his Captains, of far better Courage and Refolution than himfelf, when he faw his cowardly Temper and Difpofition, fling down his Arms, calling him a white-liver d Cur, or to that Purpofe, and faying. That he would never own him again, or
I'l" The Numbers of the Indians 1675, fays, Philip " muftercd up were, doubtlefs, confidcrably over about 500, and had gotten about eftimated ; though at the Beginning eight or nine hundred of his ncigh- of the War the Narraganfets were bouring Indians," all armed corn- more numerous than any of the plctc. — Old Indian Chronicle, p. 8. Tribes. One, writing in Bofton in Book of the Indiiim, 207.
14] with the Indians in New-England. 59
fight under him, and from that Time hath turned to the Enghfh, and hath continued to this Day a faithful and refolute Soldier in this Quarrel. '°'
That the Indians had a Confpiracy amongft themfelves to rife againft the Englifh, is con- firmed by fome of the India?is about Hadly,^°^ al- though the plot was not come to Maturity when Philip began, the fpecial Providence of God therein over-ruling the Contrivers : For when the Beginning of the Troubles firfi; was reported fritm Mount Hope, many of the Indians were in a kind of Maze, not knowing well what to do ; fometimes ready to ftand for the Englifh, as formerly they were wont to do, fometimes in- clining to ftrike in with Philip (which at the lafi; they generally did) which if it had been forefeen, much of that mifchief might have been prevented that fell out in feveral Places, more by
1'" Much has been faid and writ- as in the other Cafes. In all his ten refpefting the Bravery, Mag- Treaties with th? Englifh nothing nanimity and Sratefmanfhip of King but an abjedl acquiefcence in their Philip. But I nowhere find any Demands is feen. How different a authentic Records to fubflantiate Charafter is exhibited by Philip, to thefc Statements. On the other that of Miantonimo ! The Great- Hand, I find abundant Proof that nefs and Magnanimity of the latter he was quite deftitute of fuch is amply acknowledged by his Qualities. As to his Bravery, not worfl Enemies, while that of an Inftance appears on Record, Philip excites nothing but our while there is ample Teflimony to Contempt and Pity, his Cowardice ; being always the
firfl to fly when he fancied his En- i^s Wabau, early in 1675, ^'^" emies were near. As to his ported to Gen. Gookin, that he had Magnanimity, no Infbance is pointed reafon to believe the Incians in- cut. And as to his Statefmanfhip, tended to begin War as foon as the there is quite as great a want of it Trees were leaved out.
6o A Narrative of the Troubles [14
perfidious and treacherous Dealing than any other Ways : the Englifli never imagining that after fo many obliging KindnelTes received from them by the Indians, befides their many Engage- ments and Proteftations of Friendfhip, as form- erly, they would have been fo Ungrateful, perfidioully Falfe and Cruel as they have fince proved.
The Occafion of Philips fo fudden taking up Arms the laft Year, was this : There was one yohn Saujd?nn?2^°^ a very cunning and plaufible Indian, well fkilled in the Englifh Language, and bred up in the ProfefTion of Chriftian Religion, imployed as a Schoolmafter at Natick, the Indian Town, who upon fome Mifdemeanour fled from his Place to Philip, by whom he was entertained in the Room and Office of Secretary, and his chief Councellor, whom he truffed with all his Affairs and fecret Counfels : But afterwards, whether upon the Sting of his own Confcience, or by the frequent Sollicitations of Mr. Eliot, that had known him from a Child, and inftrufted him in the Principles of our Religion, who was often laying before him the heinous Sin of his Apoftacy, and returning back to his old Vomit ; he was at lall: prevailed with to forfake Philip, and return back to the Chriftian Indians at Natick where he was baptifed, manifefted publick Repentance for
in.i'piic rnoft circumftanlial Ac- ReLition. The principal Fafls are count of Saufaman by a Cotempo- collcded in the Book of the In- rary will be found in Dr. I. Mather's diajn., \ 72, 195.
15] with the Indians in New-England, 61
all his former Offences, [15] and made a ferious Profeffion of the Chriftian Religion : and did apply himfelf to preach to the Indians, wherein he was better gifted than any other of the Indian Nation ; fo as he was obferved to conform more to the Englifh Manners than any other Indian: yet having Occafion to go up with fome others of his Country men to Namajket,^°^ whether for the Advantage of Fifhing or fome fuch Occafion, it matters not ; being there not far from Philips Country,^"'' he had Occafion to be much in the Company oi Philips Indians, and oi Philip himfelf: by which Means he difcerned by feveral Circum- ftances that the Indians were plotting anew againfi: us ; the which out of Fathfulnefs to the Englifh the faid Saufaman informed the Governour'°^ of; adding alfo, that if it were known that he re- vealed it, he knew they would prefently kill him. There appearing fo many concurrent Teftimonies from others, making it the more probable, that there was certain Truth in the Information ; fome Inquiry was made into the Bufinefs, by ex- amining Philip himfelf, feveral of his Indians, who although they could do nothing, yet could not free themfelves from jufi: Sufpition ; Philip therefore foon after contrived the faid Saufamans
i""* This Place is in the prefent "'^ It was in Philip's Country, or
Town of MiddlcboroLigh. It was the Country of the Wampanoags,
vifited in 1619 by Capt. Thomas originally. Dermer, who wrote the Name
Num?naji^quyt. See Purchas, his I'J'' Governor Winflow, of Ply-
Pilgrimes, iv, 1778. mouih.
62 A Narrative of the Troubles [ 1 6
Death, which was ftrangely difcovered ; notwith- ftanding it was fo cunningly effeded, for they that murdered him, met him upon the Ice on a great Pond,'°7 and prefently after they had knocked him down, put him under the Ice, yet leaving his Gun and his Hat upon the Ice, that it might be thought he fell in accidentally through the Ice and was drowned : but being milled by his Friend, who finding his Hat and his Gun, they were thereby led to the Place, where his Body was found under the Ice : when they took it up to bury him, fome of his Friends, fpecially one David,^°^ obferved fome Bruifes about his Head, which made them fufpedt he was firfl knocked down, before he was put into the Water: however, they buried him near about the Place where he was found, without making any fur- ther Inquiry at prefent : neverthelefs David his Friend, reported thefe Things to fome Englifh at Taunton (a Town not far from Namajket), occa- lioned the Governour to inquire further into the Bufinefs, wifely confidering, that as Saufaman had told him. If it were known that he had re- vealed any of their Plots, they would murder him for his Pains : wherefore by fpecial Warrant the Body of Saufafnan being digged again out of his Grave, it was very apparent that he had been killed,
ii*' Aflawomret Pond, in Middle- net Indian, and was not of Philip's borough. The Murder was com- War Party. He appears to have mittcd on the 29th of January, been forced to go into their Ranks, 1674-5. ^^'^'^ others of his Tribe, foon after
the War broke out. His native
loy He was a So^konatc or Scco- Name was Chowohumma.
1 6] with the htdians in New- England. 63
and not drowned. '°9 And by a ftrange Provi- dence an Indian"° was found, that by Accident was ftanding unfeen upon a Hill, had feen them murther the faid Saujamariy but durft never reveal it for Fear of lofing his own Life likewife, until he was called to the Court at Plimouth, or before the Governour, where he plainly [16] confelTed what he had {qqv\. The Murderers being appre- hended, were convicted by his undeniable Tefti- mony, and other remarkable Circumllances, and fo were all put to Death, being but three in Number ; the lafl: of them confeiTed immedi- ately before his Death, that his Father (one of the Councellors and fpecial Friends of Philip) was one of the two that murdered Saufaman, himfelf only looking on. This was done at Pli- mouth Court, held in June 1674.'" Infomuch that Philip apprehending the Danger his own Head was in next, never ufed any further Means to clear himfelf from what was like to be laid to his Charge, either about his plotting againft the Eng- lish, nor yet about Saiifamans Death : but by keep- ing his Men continually about him in Arms, and gathering what Strangers he could to join with him, marching up and down conftantly in Arms,
10!' The Author had doubtlefs ''OHis Name was Patuckfon,
heard of the Story about the Bleed- mentioned only in this Connedion. ing of the dead Body on its being
touched by the Murderer, but his m Two of thofe convided were
good Senfe prevented his alluding hanged on the 8th of June, and the
to it. All the Particulars are to be third " was repriued vntil a Month
feen in Mather's Relation, with fome be expired," as the manufcript Re-
Light on the Subjedl in general by cord fays. He was (hot, however.
King James. within the Month.
64 A Narrative of the Troubles [16
both all the while the Court fat, as well as after- wards. The Englifli of Pl'wiouth hearing of all this, yet took no further Notice, than only to order a Militia Watch in all the adjacent Towns, hoping that 'Philip finding himfelf not likely to be arraigned by Order of the faid Court, the pre- fent Cloud might blow over, as fome others of like Nature had done before ; but in Conclufion, the Matter proved otherwife ; for Philip finding his Strengh daily increafing, by the flocking of Neighbour-Indians unto him, and fending over their Wives and Children to the Narhaganjets for Security (as they ufe to do when they intend War with any of their Enemies,) immediately they began to Alarm the Englifh at Swanzy^ (the next Town to Philips Country,) as it were daring the Englifli to begin ; at laft their Infolencies grew to fuch an Height, that they began not only to ufe threatening Words to the Englilli, but alfo to kill their Cattel and rifle their Houfes ; whereat an Englilh-man was fo provoked, that he let fly a Gun at an Indian, but did only wound, not kill him ; whereupon the Indians immediately began to kill all the Englifh they could, fo as on the ^\th of June, 1675,"" was the Alarm of War firfl:
1'- An Author in the O/^ ///^/V;;/ The Mafter told them it was the
Chronicle, writing at the Time in Sabbath Day, and their [the Eng-
Bofton, gives the following curious lifhman's] God would be very an-
earlier Fads : "About the 20th of gry if he fliould let them do it.
June laft, fevcn or eight of King They returned this Anfwer : They
Philip's Men came to Swanfcy on knew not who his God was, and
the Lord's Day, and would grind a that they would do it for all him or
Hatchet at an Inhabitants Houfe. his God cither : From thence they
1 7] "with the l7uiia?2S i7t New- England. 65
founded in PHmoiifh Colony , when eight or nine of the Englifli were llain in and about Swanzy : They firft making a Shot at a Company of Eng- lifh as they returned from the Affembly where they were met in way of Humiliation that Day, whereby they killed one and wounded others : and then likewife at the fame Time, they flew two Men on the High-way, fent to call a Sur- geon, and barbaroufly the fame Day murdered fix Men in and about a Dwelling-houfe in an- other Part of the Town : all which Outrages were committed fo fuddenly, that the Englifh had no Time to make any Refiftance. For on the 14//6 of the fame Month, belides Endeavours ufed by Mr. Brown of Swanzy, one of the Magiftrates of Plimouth Jurifdi6tion, an amicable Letter was fent from the Council of Plimouth to Philip, [17] fhowing a Diflike of his Pra6tices, and adviling him to difmifs his ftrange Indians, and not fuffer himfelf to be abufed by falfe Reports concerning them that intended him no Hurt : but no An- fwer could be obtained, otherwife than threatning of War, which it was hoped might have been pre- vented, as heretofore it had been, when Things feemed to look with as bad a Face as then they did."3 However the Governour and Council of
went to another Houfe, and took tion ; — that he fhould not Work on
away foine Viftuals, but hurt no his God's Day, and that he fliould
Man. Immediately they met a Man tell no Lies." — Page 8-9. travelling on the Road, kept him in
Cuftody a fliort I'ime, then difniill ' ^'^ At this Point the Reader fhould
him quietly, giving him this Cau- recur to the Ply?nouth Narrative,
N
66 A Narrative of the 'Troubles [17
Flwioiithy underftanding, that Philip continued in his Refolution, and manifefted no Inclination to Peace, they immediately fent us what Forces they could to fecure the Towns thereabouts, and make Reliftance as Occaiion might be : and alfo dif- patched away MelTengers to the Majfachufets Governour and Council, letting them know the State of Things about Mount -hope : and deliring their fpeedy Affiftance, upon which, Care was immediately taken with all Expedition to fend fuch Supplies as were delired : But in the mean time two MelTengers were difpatched to Philip, to try whether he could not be diverted from his bloody Enterprize, fo as to have prevented the Mifchief fince fallen out, hoping, that as once before, viz. Anno 1671, by their Mediation, a Stop was put to the like Tragedy ; io the prefent War might by the lame Means have been now turned afide. For in the laid Year, Philip had firmly engaged himfelf, when he was at Bojlon, not to quarrel with Plunoiith until he had firfh addrefied himfelf to the Majfachufets for Advice and Approbation : But the two Melfengers afore- faid, finding the Men fiain in the Road, June 24, as they were going for the Chyrurgeon, appre- hended it not fafe to proceed any further, con- fidering alfo, that a Peace now could not honour- ably be concluded after fuch barbarous Outrages
drawn up by Jofiah Window and See Plymouth Colony Records, x, Thomas Hinckley. Our Autlior 362-5. Mather's Relat'mi, 217- has too much abridged the Fadts. 222.
1 8] with the I vidians in New-Rngland. 67
committed upon fome of the neighbour Colony : Wherefore returning with all Speed to Bofton^ the Majjachujets Forces were difpatched away with all imaginable Hafte, as the Exigent of the Mat- ter did require, fome of them being then upon, or ready for their March, the reft were ordered to follow after, as they could be raifed. The fend- ing forth of which, becaufe it was the lirft En- gagement in any warlike Preparations againft the Indians (hall be more particularly declared. ""^
On the 26/Z' of 'June a Foot Company under Capt. Daniel Henchman, with a Troop under Capt. Tho?jias Prentice, were fent out of Bojion towards Mount Hope ; it being late in the Afternoon be- fore they began to March, the central Eclipfe of the Moon in Capric. hapned in the evening before they came up to Naponfet River, about twenty Miles from Bojion, which occafioned them to make an Halt, for a little Repaft, till the Moon recovered her Light again. Some melancholy Fancies would not be perfwaded, but that the Eclipfe falling out at that Inftant of Time [18] was ominous, conceiving alfo that in the Centre of the Moon they difcerned an unufual black Spot, not a little refembling the Scalp of an I?i- dian : As fome others not long before, imagined they faw the Form of an Indian Bow, accounting that likewife ominous (although the Mifchief
I'^The Author fcems to have Reference, however, to the prefent forgotten the Pcquot and Narragan- War with Philip. See the Book of fet Expeditions. He may have had the Indians, 134.
68 A Narrative of the Tj^oiibhs [i8
following was done by Guns, not by Bows) both the one and the other, might rather have thought of what Marcus CraJJiis, the Roman General, going forth with an Army againft the Farthians^ once wifely replied to a private Souldier, that would have dilfwaded him from marching at that Time, becaufe of an Eclipfe of the Moon in Capricorn, [That he was more afraid of Sagitariiis than of Capricornus) meaning the Arrows of the Parthi- ans (accounted very good Archers) from whom, as Things then fell out, was his greateft Danger."^ But after the Moon had waded through the dark Shadow of the Earth, and borrowed her Light again, by the Help thereof the two Companies marched on towards Woodcoks Houfe,"^ thirty Miles from Borton, where they arrived next Morning ; and there retarded their Motion till the Afternoon, in Hope of being overtaken by a Company of Voluntiers ; under the Command of Captain Samuel Mofely, which accordingly came to pafs ; fo as on June 28 they all arrived at Swanzy, when by the Advice of Captain Cud^ worth^''' the Commander in Chief of Flimouth
"■^ " Souldiers marched out of "''It was then, or foon after,
Bofton towards Mount-hope, June converted into a Garrifon, and con-
26th, and continued marching that tinued to be a noted Place for one
Night, when there hapned a great hundred and ihirty-thrce Years ; at
Eclipfe of the Moon, which was the End of which Period (1808) it
totally darkned above an Hour.'' was taken down and a more com-
I. Mather, Brief Hijlory, 55-6. modious Edifice was eredcd on the
How the Author could let this Oc- Spot. It is in the Town of Attle-
cafion flip for indulging in Remarks borough, upon fupernatural Occurrences, it is
not cafy to imagine. "'He was now General (though
1 8] with the Indians in New-England. 69
Forces, they were removed to the Head Quarters ; which for that Time were appointed at Mr. Miles his Houfe, the Minifter of Swanzy,^'^'^ within a Quarter of a Mile of the Bridge leading into Philips Lands. They arriving there fome little Time before Night,"9 twelve of the Troopers, unwilling to lofe Time, palTed over the Bridg, for Difcovery into the Enemies Territories, where they found the rude Welcome of eight or ten Indians firing upon them out of the Buflies, kill- ing one Williatn Hammond, wounding Corporal Belcher,^^-° his Horfe alfo being fhot down under him ; the Reft of the faid Troopers having dif- charged upon thofe Indians that ran away after their firft fliot, carried off their two dead and wounded Companions, and fo retired to the main Gaurd for that Night, pitching in a Barricado about Mr. Miles his Houfe. The Enemy thought to have braved it out by a bold Affault or two at the firft ; but their Hearts foon began to fail them when they perceived the Majfachufets and Fli-
not adlually commiffioned till fome from Wales ; was one of the Ejefled
Months later); having been ap- in 1662. Owing to the fedtarian
pointed Commander-in-Chief of the Troubles in Bofton he was forced
Plymouth Forces. I found in the to leave fome Time before this War,
State Paper Office, London, an ex- and fettled in Swanzey — fo named,
ceedingly interefting Letter written I fuppofe, for Szvanjea in Wales,
by this Gentleman, a Copy of which whence Mr. Miles came. is in the New Engla?id Hiflorical and Genealogical Regi(}er,y!\\!, loi- ^'^June 28th.
4, prefaced by the Editor with a '-" Andrew, Father of Gov. Jona-
good Notice of the Author. than Belcher, it is fuppofed. What
William Hammond this was is yet
11^ Mr. John Miles. He came uncertain.
JO A Narrative of the Ti'otibles [19
mouth Forces both engaged againft them : for the next Morning'-' they fliouted twice or thrice, at Haifa Miles Diftance, and nine or ten of them ihewing themfelves on this Side the Bridg : our Horfeman with the whole Body of the Privateers under Captain MoJely,'-~ not at all daunted by fuch kind of Alarms, nor willing fo to lofe the Bridg, ran violently down upon them over the faid Bridg, purfuing them a Mile and a Quarter on the other Side: Enfign [19] *S^i;^^£','^3 that young martial Spark, fcarce twenty Years of Age, had at that Time one Bullet lodged in his Thigh, another fliot through the Brim of his Hat, by ten or twelve of the Enemy difcharging upon him together, while he boldly held up his Colours in the Front of his Company : but the weather not fuffering any further Ad:ion at that Time, thofe that were thus far advanced, were compelled to retreat back to the main Gaurd, having firft made a Shot upon the Indians as they ran away into a Swamp near by, whereby they killed live or fix of them, as was underftood foon after at Narhagan- Jet : This refolute Charge of the Englifli-Forces upon the Enemy made them quit their Place on Mount- hope that very Night, where Philip was
1-' June 29th. Benjamin Church '-"-'Some Elucidation of Mofely's
was prcfent in thefe early Affairs, Company will be found in the Old
and his Account of them, as related Indian Chronicle, q, lo, and llif-
to his Son Thomas, and publifhed tory nnd Antiquities of B oft on, 402.
by him, fhould be read in this Con- i-'' Perez, Son of Maj. Thomas
neftion. The Work will be often Savage. He was not wounded by
referred to, under the Title of En- the Indians, but by the Englifh
tertaining Hiftory. Sec Preface. themfelves, in their Confufion.
19] "with the htdians in New-Rn gland. 7 1
never feen after, till the next Year, when he was by a divine Mandate fent back, there to receive the Reward of his Wickednefs where he firft be- gan his Mifchief. The next Day Major Savage (that was to command in chief over the Majfa- chufets Forces, being come up with other Supplies about fix a Clock over Night,) the whole Body intended to march into Mount Hope^ and there beat up the Enemies Quarters, or give him Battel, if he durft abide it : but the Weather being doubtful, our Forces did not march till near Noon, about which Time they fet out, with a Troop of Horfe in each Wing, to prevent the Danger of the Enemies Ambufcadoes; after they had marched about a Mile and Half, they palTed by fome Houfes newly burned : not far off one of them they found a Bible newly torn, and the Leaves fcattered about by the Enemy in Hatred of our Religion therein revealed ; two or three Miles further they came up with fome Heads, Scalps, and Hands cut off from the Bodies of fome of the Englifh, and ftuck upon Poles near the Highway, in that barbarous and inhuman Manner bidding us Defiance ;'^^ the Commander in Chief giving Order that thofe Monuments of the Enemies Cruelty fhould be taken down, and buried : the whole Body of the
1-24 " They marched until they the Head of Mattapoifet Neck, and
came to the Narrow of the Neck, fet upon Poles." — Church, 12-13.
at a place called Keckamuit, 1 now Thefe People were killed on the
in the Town of Warren, R.I.'] 24th of June, See I. Mather, .Sr/V/"
where they took down the Heads of Hijiory, 54. Their Names have
eight Englifhmen that were killed at not come to my Knowledge.
72 A Narj^ative of theiyoiibles [20
Forces ftill marched on, two Miles further, where they found divers Wigwams of the Enemy, amongft which were many Things fcattered up and down, arguing the hafty FHght of the Owners ; Half a Mile further, as. they palled through many Fields of ftately Corn, they found Philips own Wigwam ; every Place giving them to perceive the Enemies hafty Departure from thence. After they had marched two Miles further they came to the Sea-lide, yet in all this Time meeting with no Indians, nor any Sign of them, unlefs of their Flight to fome other Places. The Seafon like to prove very tempeftuous, and rainy. Captain Cudworth with fome of the Men of Fli- mouth palled over to Road-IJland. The Forces under Major Savage were forced to abide all night in the open Field, without any Shelter, notwith- ftanding the Abundance of Rain that [20] fell ; and in the Morning defpairing to meet with any Enemy on Mount-Hope, they retreated back to their Quarters at Swanzy, in the Way meeting with many Indian Dogs that feemed to have loft their Mafters. That Night Captain Prentice his Troop for conveniency of Quarters, as alfo for Difcovery was difmilfed to lodg at Seaconke or Rehob^th, a Town within ftx Miles of Swatizy. As they returned back in the Morning, Captain Prentice divided his Troop, delivering one Half to Lieutenant Oakes,^~^ and keeping the other
'■-'■'' Thomas of Cambridge, Bro- Harvard College, according to Sa- thcr of Prcfidcnt Union Oakes, of vage, in his great Di^ionary.
2o] with the Ltdians in New-Rfigland. 73
himfelf, who as they rode along, efpyed a Com- pany of Indians burning an Houfe ; but could not purfue them by Reafon of feveral Fences, that they could not go over till the Indians had efcaped into a Swamp. Thofe with Lieutenant Oaks had the like Difcovery, but with better Succefs, as to the Advantage of the Ground, fo as purfuing of them upon a Plain, they flew four or five of them in the Chafe, whereof one was known to be ^hebe, '-^ a Sachem of Mount-Hope, an- other of them was a chief Councellor of Philips; yet in this Attempt the Lieutenant loft one of his Company, 'John Druce^^^'^ by Name, who was mortally wounded in his Bowels, whereof he foon after died, to the great Greif of his Companions. -After the faid Troop came up to the Head Quar- ters at Swanzy, they underftood from Captain Cudworth that the Enemy were difcovered upon Pocajfet, another Neck of Land lying over an Arm of the Sea, more towards Cape Cod: How- ever, it was refolved that a more narrow Search
iai3 The fame called in the Old with the mention of a Brother of
Colony Records, Peebe. His Refi- Philip, other than that of Wamfutta
dence was upon a Point of Land in (Alexander), faving in one Deed
Barrington, R. I., called Pcebe's from Philip, of Lands on both Sides
Neck. It is the ancient Sowatns of Palmer's River, in 1668. To
of Mourt's Relation. See Feffcn- that Deed " Sonconewhew, Philip's
den's WJlory of Warren, R. L, 14. Brother" is a Signer, and " PeebCy
A writer in the Chronicle fays a Counfcllor."
Brother of Philip was killed at the ^-*Hc belonged to Roxburv.
fame Time. I have met with no He was not killed outright, but lived
other Chronicler of the Time who to reach his Home, and there died
mentions the Faft; nor have I met of his Wound.
o
74 A Narrative of the Troubles [20
fliould be made after them, both upon Mount- Hope, and upon the Ground between Swanzy and Rehoboth to fcour the Swamps, and aiTault them, if they could find where they were in- trenched. Captain Henchinan^ and Captain Pren- tice, were ordered to fearch the Swamps ; while Captain Mofely, and Captain Page^^^ with his Dragoons attending on Major Savage, fhould re- turn back into Mount-Hope, that they might be fure to leave none of the Enemy behind them, when they fhould remove to purfue them elfe- where. About ten a Clock next Morning, July 4th, Captain HencJjman after a long and tedious March, came to the Head-Quarters, and informed that he came upon a Place where the Enemy had newly been that Night, but were efcaped out of his Reach : But that Night before they were determined of any other Motion, Captain Hutch- info?i^'^ came up from Bojion with new Orders for them to pafs into Narhaganfet, to treat with the Sachems there, and if it might be, to prevent their joining with Philip. Capt. CudwortJj, by this Time was come up to the Head-Quarters, having left a Garrifon of forty Men upon Mount-hope Neck. The next Morning was fpent in Confultation how to carry on the Treaty ; it was then relblved that
'-^Nicholas P<iige, as his Sur- i-'^Capr. Edward Hutchinfon,
name {lands to the Narvaganfet who within a Month fell mortally
Treaty a few Pages forward. He wounded at Wickabaug Pond, as
was a Bofton Gentleman whofe will be found narrated hereafter.
Name frequently occurs in the Hif- Additional Fafls and his Pedigree
tory of the City, as well as in the will be found in the Hijiory and
Affairs of War Antiquities of BoJlon, 406.
2 1 ] with the hidians in New-England. 7 5
they fhould go to make a Peace with a Sword in their [21] Hands, having no fmall Ground of Sufpicion that the faid Narhagajjfets might joyn with the Enemy, wherefore, they thought it ne- ceffary to carry all the Majfachufets Forces over into the Narhaganfet Country, to fight them, if there (hould be need ; Captain Mofely pafied over by Water to attend Captain Hittch'mfon in his Difpatch; the other Companies with the Troop- ers riding round about : as they palTed, they found the Indians in Pophams Country (next ad- joining to Philips Borders) all fled, and their Wigwams without any People in them.
After they came to the Narhaganfet Sachems, three or four Days were fpent in a Treaty, after which a Peace was concluded on fundry Articles between the Mefi^engers of ConneBiciit Colony, (who ordered to meet with thofe of the MafTa- chufetts,) and the Commanders of the Forces fent againft Philip : Hoftages were alfo given by the faid Narhaganfets for the Performance of the Agreement. A Copy of the faid Agreement, and the Articles on which a Peace was concluded, here follow. It being always underftood that Pliffiouth Colony was included in the faid Agree- ment, although their Forces were not then prefent, but remained at Home near the Ene- mies Borders, to fecure their Towns, and oppofe Philip as there might be occafion, if he offered to make any new Attempt in the mean Time. '3°
'■^"' Among other Articles, the tucke, urged that the Englifli fhould Narraganfetts, by their Agent, Po- not fend any among them to preach
76 A Narrative of the Troubles [2 2
Articles^ Covenants and Agreements had, made and con- cluded by and between Major Thomas Savage, Captain Edward Hutchinfon, and Mr. Jofeph Dudley, in be- half of the Government of the MafTachufetts Colony, and Major Wait Winthrop, and Mr. Richard Smith, on behalf of Connedicut Colony on the one party, and Agamaug, Wompfh alias Corman, Taitfon, Tawage- fon, Councellors and Attornies to Canonicus ; Ninigret, Matataog, old ^een Ouaiapen, Quananfhit and Po- napham the fix prefent Sachims of the whole Narhaganfet Country on the other Party, refer ing to fever al Differences and Trouhles lately rifen between them ; and for a final Conclufion of fetled Peace and Amity hetween the faid Sachims, their Heirs and Succeffors forever, and the Governours of the faid Maflachufetts and Connedlicut, and their SuccefTors in the /aid Governments for ever.
I. That all and every of the faid Sachims Jliall from 1'ime to I'ime carefully feize, and Living or Dead deliver unto one or other of the above Jaid Governments, all and every of Sachim Philips Subjjds whatfoever, that fhall come [22] or be found within the Precints of any of their Lands, and that with greatefi Diligence ^nd Faith- fulnefs.
II. That they fhall with their utmoft Ability uje all A6ls of Hojlility againfl the Jaid Philip and his Subje^s, entring his Lands or any other Lands of the Englifh, to
the Gofpel, or call upon them to to fay was that the Englijh endeav-
pray to God. But the Englifh re- orcd to include fuch an Article in
fufing to concede to fuch an Article, the Treaty, but withdrew it owing
it was withdrawn, and a Peace to the Oppofition of the Narragan-
concluded." — Cooking, Hijiory fctts. It is rather fingular, how-
Praying Indians. But Mr. Gookin ever, that Potock's name is not to
ftumbled in this Statement, as will the Treaty, as the obnoxious Ar-
be feen by comparing it with the tide was withdrawn. See Old
Treaty. What he prabably meant Indian Chronicle, \\\.
23] '^ith the Indians in New-England, 7 7
kill and deftroy the /aid Enemy, until a Cejfat ion from War with the /aid Enemy be concluded by both the above /aid Colonies.
III. That the /aid S3.ch\ms, by them/elves and their Agents, /hall carefully Jearch out and deliver all fioln Goods whatfoever taken by any of their Subjects from any of the Englilh, whether formerly or lately, and fhall make full Satisfa£iion for all Wrongs or Injuries done to the EJiate of any of the Jeveral Colonies, according to the Judgment of indifferent Men, in Cafe of Diffatisfa£lion between the Offenders and the offended Parties, or deliver the Offenders.
IV. That all Preparations for War, or A5ls of Hof- tility againft any of the Englifh Subjects, .fliall for ever for the future ceafe ; together with all Manner of Thefts, Pilferings, killing of Cattel, or any Manner of Breach of Peace whatfoever, fhall with utmofi Care be prevented, and injiead thereof, their Strength to be ujed as a Gaurd round about the Narhaganfet Country for the Englifh Inhabitants Safety and Security.
V. In Token of the above f aid Sachims Reality in this Treaty and Conclufion, and for the Security of the Jeveral Englifh Governments and Subjects, they do freely deliver unto the above Jaid Gentlemen, in the behalj of the above
Jaid Colonies John Wobequob, Weowthim, Pewkes, Weenew, four of their near Kinjmen and choice Friends, to be and remain as Hoflages'3i in Jeveral Places of the Englifh Jurijdi^ions, at the appointment of the Honour- able Governours, of the above Jaid Colonies, there to be civilly treated, not as Prijoners, but otherwije at their Honours Dijcretion, until the above Jaid Articles are fully accomplifhed to the Satisfa5iion of the f ever al Governments, the Departure of any of them in the mean Time to be ac- counted Breach of the Peace, and thejeprejent Articles.
1'^' What became of thefe Hoftages does not appear.
7 8 A Narrative of the Troubles [2 3
VI. 'Thejaid Gentlemen in Behalf of the Governments to which they do belongs do engage to every the Jaid Sachims and their Subjects, that if they or any of them fhall feize and bring into either the above faid Engli/h
Governments^ or to Mr. Smith, Inhabitant of Narhagan- fet, Philip Sachim alive, he or they fo delivering, /hall re- ceive for theirPains, forty Trucking- cloth Coats ; in Cafe they bring his Head, they fhall have twenty like good Coats faid them : for every living SiibjeB of faid Philips Jo delivered^ the Deliverer fiall receive two Coats, and for every Head one Coat^ as a Gratuity for their Service herein, making it appear to Satisfaction^ that the Heads or Perfons are belonging to the Enemy, and that they are of their Seizure. [23]
VII. The faid Sachims do renew and confirm unto the Engli/h Inhabitants or others, all former Grants, Sails, Bargains or Conveyances of Lands, Meadows, Timber, Grafs, Stones, or whatjoever elfe the Englifh have hereto- fore bought or quietly pof/efed and enjoyed, to be unto them, and their Heirs, and Affigns for ever ; as alfo all former Articles made with the Confederate Colonies.
Laftly, The faid Councellors and Attorneys do premedi- tately, ferioufiy, and upon good Advice, Covenant^ Conclude and Agree all abovefaid folemny, and call God to witnefs they are, and /hall remain true Friends to the Engli/h Government, and perform the above Jaid Articles punctu- ally, ufing their utmo/l Endeavours, Care and Faithful- nejs therein : In Witnejs whereof they have fet their Hands and Seals.
Petaquanfcot July 15^ 1675.
Signed, Sealed and Deliv- Tawagefon his Mark C. ered in the Prefence of Taytfon his Mark D. us Underwritten, being Agamaug his Mark T.
23] with the Ltdians in New-England. 79
carefully interpreted to Wampjh^ alias Corman his
the faid Indians before Mark X.
fealing. Daniel Henchman. Thomas Prentice. Nicholas Paige. Jojeph Stanton Interpreter. Henry Hawlaws. Pocot Bukow. Job Neff.'^^
During this Treaty of Peace with the Narha- ganfctSj Captain CudwortJo with the Forces of Pli- inouth under his Command, found Something to do nearer Home, though of another Nature as it proved, fc. to make War whilft the other were (as they thought) making Peace : in the iirft Place therefore he difpatched Captain Fuller (joyning Lieutenant Church together with him in Commiffion) with fifty in his Company to Pocajfet, on the fame Account, as the other went to Narhaganfet, either to conclude a Peace with them, if they would continue Friends, and give Hoftages for the Confirmation thereof, or fight them if they fhould declare themfelves Enemies, and join with Philip ; himfelf intending to draw down his Forces to Rehoboth, to be ready for a fpeedy March to Taunton, and fo down into the other Side of the Country ; upon the News that fome of the Enemy were burning and fpoiling
'■''- Thefc three laft Names re- who accompanied the Commif- prefent friendly Indians, doubtlefs, fioners as guides.
8o A Narrative of theTronhhs [24.
of Middlebiirroiigh and Dartmouth, two fmall vil- lages lying in the Way [24] betwixt Pocajfet and Piimoiith. Upon Thurfday, July 7/33 Captain Fuller with Captain Church went into Pocnffet to feek after the Enemy, or elfe as Occafion might ferve to treat with thofe Indiaiis at Pocajfet, with whom Mr. Church was very well acquainted, al- ways holding good Correfpondence with them. After they had fpent that Day and moft of the Night, in traverling the faid Pocajfet Neck, and Watching all Night in a Houfe which they found there, yet could hear no Tidings of any In- dians ; infomuch that Captain Fuller began to be weary of his Defign : Mr. Church in the mean while alluring him, that they fhould find Indians before it were long : yet for greater Expedition they divided their Company, Captain Fuller tak- ing down towards the Sea-lide, where it feems after fome little Skirmifliing with them, wherein one Man only received a fmall Wound, '34 he either faw or heard too many Indians for himfelf and his Company to deal with, which made him and them betake themfelves to an Houfe near the Water-lide, from whence they were fetched off by a Sloop before Night to Road IJland. Captain Church (for fo may he well be ililed after this Time) marched further into the Neck, imagining that if there were Indians in the Neck they fliould
1"^ If they went on the 7th of hut in his ufual difrcgard of Dates. Julv, that was Wednefday. The ''^i Church, p. 47, Edition 1827,
Affair is particularly detailed by fays two of Fuller's Men were
Church in the Entertaining Hijivry, wounded.
24] 'With the Indians in New-England. 8 1
find them about a Peaf-field not far off; as foon as ever they came near the faid Field, he efpied two Indiatis in the Peafe, who alfo had at the fame Time efpied him, and prefently making fome kind of Shout, a great Number of Indians came about the Field, purfuing the faid Capt. Church and his Men in great Numbers to the Sea-fide : there being not above fifteen with Churchy yet feven or eight Score of the Indians purfuing after them. Now was a fit Time for this young Captain'^s and his fmall Company to handfel their Valour upon this great Rout of In- dians, jul^ ready to devour them : But Victory ftands no more in the Number of Soldiers, than Verity in the Plurality of Voices : and although fome of thefe fifteen had fcarce Courage enough for themfelves, yet their Captain had enough for himfelf, and fome to fpare for his Friends, which he there had an Opportunity of improving to the Full. When he faw the Hearts of any of his Followers to fail, he would bid them be of good Courage and fight ftoutly, and (poffibly by fome divine Impreflion upon his heart) affured them that not a Bullet of the Enemy fhould hurt any of them, which one of the Company, more difmayed than the reft, could hardly believe, till he faw the Proof of it in his own Perfon ; for the
'35 IVJr Church was thirty-fix fcription on his Monument. See Years of Age, according to the In- his Life in E?itertaimng HiJIory.
P
82 A Narrative of the Troubles [25
Captain perceiving the Man was not able to fight, made him gather Rocks together for a kind of Shelter and Barricado for the reft, that muft: either of neceffity fight or fall by the Enemies. It chanced as this faint hearted Soldier had a flat Stone in his Arms, and was carrying it to the Shelter that he was making [25] upon the Bank, a Bullet of the Enemy was thus warded from his Body, by which he elfe muft have periflied, which Experience put new Life into him, fo as he fol- lowed his Bufinefs very manfully afterwards ; in- fomuch that they defended themfelves under a fmall haftily made up Defence, all that Afternoon, not one being either flain or wounded, yet it was certainly known that they killed at leaft fifteen of their Enemies : and at the laft, when they had fpent all their Ammunition, and made their Guns unferviceable by often firing, they were fetched all off by Capt. Goldings^^^^ Sloop, and car- ried fafe to Road-Ifland in defpight of all their Enemies ; yea, fuch was the bold and undaunted Courage of this Champion, Capt. Church, that he was not willing to leave any Token behind of their flying for want of Courage, that in the Face of his Enemies he went back to fetch his Hat, which he had left at a Spring, whither the
'•*' Captain Roger Gouldcn or proved himfclf to be our conftant,
Golding of Rhodc-Ifland. In Od- reall Friend in the late Warn" —
ober of the following Year, Pli- Though a prominent Inhabitant of
mouth Colony granted him one New-England his Name is not in
hundred Acres of Land at Seconet, the great Ncw-Ev gland Gen. Die-
he having, fay the Records, " ap- tionary.
24] "with the IndiaJts in New-England, 83
extream Heat of the Weather, and his Labour in fighting had caufed him to repair for the quenching of his Thirft an hour or two before/37 It feems in the former Part of the fame Day, five Men coming from Road-Ifland, to look up their Cattel upon Pocajfet Neck, were afi^aulted by the fame Indians, and one of the five was Capt. Churches Servant, who had his Leg broke in the Skirmifh, the Reft hardly efcaping with their Lives : this was the firft Time that ever any mif- chief was done by the IridicVis upon Pocajfet Neck. Thofe of Road-IJIand were hereby alarmed to look to themfelves, as well as the Reft of the Englifti of Plimouth, or the Majfachufets-Colony .
This AfTault rather heightned and increafed, than daunted the Courage of Capt. Church ; for not making a cowardly Flight, but a fair Retreat, which Providence offered him by the Sloop aforefaid, after his Ammunition was fpent, he did not ftay long at Road-lJland, but hafted over to the Majfachujet Forces, and borrowing three Files of Men of Capt. Henchman with his Lieu- tenant, Mr. Church and he returned again to Pocajet, where they had another Skirmifh with the Enemy, wherein fome few of them, fourteen or fifteen were flain, which ftruck fuch a Terror into Philip, that he betook himfelf to the Swamps about Pocajfet, where he lay hid till the Return of
I'^'This Battle was fought in a Territory, now the fouth Part of Peaf-field at a Place called by the Tiverton. The Author probably had Indians, Punkateefet, a confiderable his Account from Church himfelf.
84 ^ Narrative of the Troubles [26
the Reft of the Forces from the Narhaganfets, like a wild Boar kept at Bay by this fmall Party, till more Hands came up.
Thus were the Flimouth Forces bulled, during the Time of the Treaty with the Narhaganfets, which being ilfued as it was.
On Friday July 15, Our Forces marched for, and arrived at Rehoboth, where haveing no inteli- gence of the Enemy nearer than a great Swamp on PocaiTet, eighteen Miles from Taunton ;'38 they marched next day twelve Miles to a Houfe at Matapoifet (a fmall Neck of Land in the bot- tom [26] of Taunton Bay, in the mid Way be- tween Mount- Hope and Pocaffit Neck) from whence they marched for Taunton, July 17, whither after a tedious March of twenty Miles they came in the Evening, and found the People generally gathered into eight Garrifon Houfes :
On Monday July 18, they marched eighteen Miles before they could reach the Swamp where the Enemy was lodged : as foon as ever they came to the Place, Flimouth Forces being now joined with them, our Soldiers refolutely entred in amongft the Enemies, who took the Advan- tage of the thick Underwood, to make a Shot at them that firfl: entred, whereby five were killed outright, {^vQVi more wounded, fome of whofe
'3~*Itwas fevcn Miles in Extent, fivcly. It may be explained by
according to our Author, but 1 preUiming that the flat Country
know of no fuch Extent offwamp lying between Plymouth and Nar-
Territory in that Region, and I raganfet, generally full of Brake and
have traveled there pretty cxten- other Fern, is to be undcrllood.
26] with the Indians in New-E7tgland. 8 5
Wounds proved mortal : After the firft Shot, the Enemy prefently retired deeper into the Swamp, deferting their Wigwams (about an hundred in all) newly made of green Barks, fo as they would not burn : in one of them they found an old Man, who confelTed that Philip had been lately there : having fpent fome Time in fearching the Swamp ; and tired themfelves to no Purpofe (yet it was faid, one Half Hour more would have at that Time utterly fubdued Philip and all his Power), the Commander in Chief (Night drawing on apace) not thinking it Safe to tarry longer in fo dangerous a Place (where every One was in as much Danger of his Fellows as of his Foes, being ready to fire upon every Bulh they fee move (fuppofing Indians were there) '^9 ordered a Re- treat to be founded, that they might have Time to difpofe of their dead and wounded Men, which accordingly was attended : Plimouth Forces who had entred the Rear, retreating in the Front. It was judged, that the Enemy being by this Means brought into a Pound, it would be no hard Matter to deal with them, and that it would be Needlefs Charge to keep fo many Companies of Soldiers together to wait upon fuch an incon- iiderable Enemy, now almoft as good as taken :
i3!)««Our Men when in that Mather, Brief Hiftory, 62. — It is
hideous Place, if they did but fee a faid that the Indians cncafed them-
Bufh ftir, would fire prefently, felves in green Boughs, and thus
whereby it is veiily feared they did deceived their Purfuers. Their De-
fometimes unhappily flioot Englifli vice of ftalking is well known. See
Men inftcad of Indians." — I. C. Mather, in .5r/V/'/^(/?i'rj, 63.
86 A Narrative of the Troubles [26
whereupon moft of the Companies belonging to the Mdjfachufets were drawn off, only Capt. Henchman with an hundred Foot being left there, together with Plimouth Forces, to attend the Enemies Motion, being judged fufficient for that End-'-^^Major Savage, Capt. Paige with Capt. Mojely and their Companies, returned to Bojion : Capt. Prentice with his Troop were ordered to- ward Mendham, where it feems about the middle oi yuly^^^ fome Indians, wifhing well to Philips Defign, had made an AlTault upon fome of the Inhabitants, as they were at their Labour in the Field, killing five or fix of them : as foon as they had done, flying away into the Woods, fo as they could not eafily be purfued : The Inhabitants of the fame Village, lying fo in the Heart of the Enemies Country, began to be difcouraged, fo as within a little Time after they forfook the Place, abandoning their Houfes to the Fury of [27] the Enemy, which by them were foon after turned into Afhes. But to return to King Philip, who
I'^o The Army Tranfaftions thus It is faid five or fix Perfons were far are pretty fliarply criticifed by killed, in the Attack on Mcndon, Capt. Church, and apparently with but we have the Name of only one Juftice. And probably his frank of them, namely Rkhdrd Pojl. and honeft outfpokcn Manner will He lived on the Road from Men- explain why he was not fooncr in don towards Sherburne, and a important Commands. Portion of that Way, though long
fincc difcontinued, yet bears the
i"July 14th, according to Dr. Name of PojVs Lane. Mendon
I. Mather, who writes the Name was called Nip7nug Plantation, but
of the Town Meridam, and adds, its Indian Name was Ouinfiiepauge.
" had we mended our ways as we Sec Barber's Hifl. Colls. 584 —
fhould have done, this Mifery Other Particulars a few Pages
might have been prevented ! " forward, alfo Table No. 8.
27] with the Indians in New-England, ^j
was now lodged in the great Swamp upon Po- caJfet-Neck, of feven Miles long : Capt. Henchman and the Plwiouth Forces kept a diligent Eye upon the Enemy, but were not willing to run into the Mire and Dirt after them in a dark Swamp, being taught by late Experience how dangerous it is to fight in fuch difmal Woods, when their Eyes were muffled with the Leaves, and their Arms pinioned with the thick Boughs of the Trees, as their Feet were continually fhackled with the Roots fpreading every Way in thofe boggy Woods. It is ill fighting with a wild Beaft in his own Den. They refolved therefore to fiarve them out of the Swamp, where they knew full well they could not long fubfift. To that End they began to build a Fort,''^'' as it were to beleaguer the Enemy, and prevent his Efcape out of the Place, where they thought they had him fafi: enough. Philip in the mean Time was not ignorant of what was doing without, and was ready therein to read his own Doom, fo as if he tarried much longer there, he knew he fhould fall into their Hands, from whom he could ex- ped: no Mercy. The Cafe being therefore def- perate, he refolved with an hundred or two of his bell: fighting Men to make an Efcape by the Water, all Pafi"ages by the Land being fufiiciently gaurded by the Englifh Forces. The Swamp
142 It was probably to this Cir- Nobody, while they were building
cumftance that Church alludes in a Fort for Nothing." — Ent. Hijl.
this Paflage, — "The Army now p. 7. Our Author is remarkably
lay ftill to cover the People from careful not to criticife Officials.
88 A Narrative of the Troubles [27
where they were lodged being not far from an Arm of the Sea, coming up to Taunto?i, they taking the Advantage of a low Tide, either waded over one Night in the End of July, or elfe wafted themfelves over upon fmall Rafts of Tim- ber very early before Break of Day,''^^ by which Means the greateft Part of the Company efcaped away into the Woods, leading into the Nipmiick Country, altogether unknown to the Englifli Forces that lay encamped on the other Side of the Swamp. About an hundred or more of the Women and Children, which were like to be rather Burdenfom than Serviceable, were left behind, who foon after refigned up themfelves to the Mercy of the Englifh. Philips Efcape thus from Pocajfet could not long be concealed after the Day appeared, there being much cham- paign Land through which he was to pafs, fo as being difcovered to fome of Rehoboth, the Inhabi- tants prefently followed him, together with a Party of the Mohegans'^^ (that a little before
'■'•■^ There was probably no Place Mohegans belonging to Uncas,
where the River could have been with three of his Sons, arrived in
forded below the Bridge which Barton. They were under Oncko,
ftands, or formerly ftood, at the the oldert Son, and were all armed
Head of Tide-water in Taunton, with Guns. They came by Way
Jt is very liicely, therefore, that the of Natick, and were accompanied
Indians croflcd at or not far above by two Englifhmen, and feveral of
the fince celebrated Dighton Rock, the praying Indians of that Place,
now in the Town of Berkley, on They brought a Letter to Governor
fuch rude Rafts as they could fit up Levcrctt and the Council from Mr.
from Drift-wood confined together James Fitch of Norwich, informing
by Withs, always at Hand upon them that Uncas had fcnt them to
Margins of Streams. fight for the Englini. — Gookin,
'^■i About the 26th of July, 50 Hijl. Prayi/ig Indians.
28] with the Indians of New-England. 89
came to Bofton, offering their Service againft Philip y and were fent up into thofe Parts to be ordered by Capt. Henchman^ but before they came to him were eafily perfwaded to go along with any of the Englifh that were engaged in the Purfuit of Philip.) News alfo thereof was car- ried to Capt. Henchma?i, who as foon as he could get over with fix Files of Men''^^ (rowing hard all or moft Part of the Day to get to Provi- dence)'''•^ followed after the Enemy. [28] The Mohegins with the Men of Rehoboth, and fome of Providence, came upon their Reer over Night, flew about thirty of them, took much Plunder from them, without any confiderable Lofs to the Englifh.''^^ Captain Henchman came not up to them (purfuing them only by the Traft) till the Skirmifh was over ; and having marched twenty two Miles that Day, was not well able to go any further that Night ; on the other Hand, the Forces that came from Rehobothy and that be- longed to Pli?nouth, having left their Horfes three
!•'•'' Capt. Henchman was fta- i-*^ The Force which purfued
tioned in a Garrifon on Pocaflet. Philip confifted of lome ten Men
His "fix Files" confifted of 68 from Taunton, 34 from Provi-
Men. dence, and 30 from Seakonk.
Thefe with the Mohegan and Na-
'"•^The Diftance rowed could tick Indians made up the Number
not have been much fl;iort of to 128. The Indians marched
twenty Miles. They then had to from Bofton under the Conduft of
march fome feven or eight Miles to guarter-mafter Thomas Swift. —
reach the Plymouth Forces near Hiji. Praying Itidians. See alfo Capt.
Rehoboth Plain. Thomas' Letter, Brief Hiji., 227.
Q
90 A Narrative of the Troubles [28 .
Miles off, could not go back to fetch them with- out much lofs of Time ; and therefore looking at it altogether bootlefs to go after them in the Morning, returned back the next Day, leaving Capt. Henchman with his fix Files, and the Mo- hegins to purfue the Chafe to Nipfachet,^^^ which he did the next Morning. Captain Henchman, that he might the better engage the Mohegins to march with him thirty Miles, gave them half his Provilion, and was himfelf recruited again by the Care of Capt. Rdmunds,^^"^ of Providence, and Lieutenant Brown,^^° who brought Provifion after him to the Nipmuck Forts. Mr. Newman the Minifter of Relioboth deferved not a little Com- mendation for exciting his Neighbors and Friends to purfue thus far after Philip, animating of them by his own Example and Prefence:'5' But what the Reafon was why Philip was followed no fur- ther, it is better to fufpend, than too critically enquire. '5- This is now the third Time when a
'••^In the prefent Town of Bur- War began. A Gentleman of
rillville, R. I. See Parfons's Indian good Standing and Connedions. —
li antes. See Blifs's Hift. Rehoboth, 78,
ii5i The Rev. Noah Newman.
149 Captain Andrew Edmunds or M"" S. C. Newman, a Nativ>: of
Edmonds. Though he feems to Rehoboth, Antiquary and Gcneal-
have rendered important Services ogill: of Rhodc-Ifland, is a Dc-
in this War, very little is faid of fcendant, and has given a Newman
him. Even his Chriftian Name Pedigree in his Hijlorical Oration
does not appear in the Hi/lory of of i860. See p. 62-68. Rhode- IJl and.
'■'2 There was as great a Feeling
'•'" Probably Mr. John Brown, of Difappointment and Chagrin
" who lived near Philip " when the that Philip was allowed to cfcape.
29] "with the Indians in New-England, gi
good Opportunity for fuppreffing the Rebellion of the Indians, was put into the Hands of the Engliih; but Time and Chance hapneth to all Men, fo that the moft likely Means are often fruftrated of their defired End. All humane en- deavours fhall arrive at no other Succefs, than the Counfel of God hath preordained, that no Flefli might glory in their own Wifdom, but give unto God the Praife of all their SuccefTes, and quietly bear whatever mifcarriages he hath ordered to befall them. It appears by the IlTue of thefe Things, that although this Wound was not incurable, yet much more Blood muft be taken away before it could be healed. But by this Means Philip efcaped away to the Weftward, kindling the Flame of War in all the Weftern Plantations of the Majfachiifets Colony wherever he came ; fo that by this fatal Accident, the fire that was in a likely Way to be extinguifhed, as foon almoft as it began, did on the fudden break out through the whole Jurifdi(Stion of the MaJ/a- chnfets, both Eaftward and Weftward, endanger- ing alfo the neighbour Colony of ConneSlicut, which hath alfo fuffered fomewhat by the Fury of this Flame, though not confiderable to what the other Colonies have undergone.
While Things after this Manner proceeded in and about the Colony of Plimouth, and Commif- iioners of the Reft of the Colonies were con- [29]
as we have feen in our Time, when mitted to efcape after the Battle oi the defeated Rebel Army was per- Antietam.
92 A Narrative of the Troubles [29
fulting and advifing what was to be done for pre- venting the Mifchief threatned from fpreading any further, fearing (as indeed there was too much Caufe) that though Philip only appeared to make the firft Attempt, yet more either already were, or foon might be purfwaded to joyn with him in adiing this bloody Tragedy.
It hath already been declared what hath been done for fecuring of the Narhaganfets : thofe that were fent as MelTengers on that Errand, always reported that the elder People were in Appear- ance, not only inclinable to Peace, but feemed very delirous thereof, infomuch as their two old- eft Sachems exprelTed much Joy when it was concluded ; but as fmce hath appeared, all this was but to gain Time, and cover their treacher- ous Intents and Purpofes, that they might in the next Spring fall upon the Englifli Plantations all at once, as fome Prifoners lately brought in hath owned and confelTed ; nor have any of thofe In- dians with whom the prefent War hath been, ever regarded any Agreements of Peace made with the Englifti, further than out of NecelTity and ilavifh Fear they were compelled thereunto, as may be feen by the Records of the United Colonies, from the Year 1643, to the prefent Time, notwithftanding all their fair Pretences ;'53 for Ninigret^ the old Sachem of the Narhaganfets^
'53 This is quite an Acknowledg- Nature does not fccm to have been ment of the Invalidity of Treaties as well undcrftood by the Authori- with the Indians, but their fham ties as by the Hiftorian.
29] "^s^ith the Indians in New-Kn gland. 93
who alone of all the reft of that Country-Sachems difowned the prefent War, and refufed to have any Hand therein, yet it was proved to liis Face before the Commiffioners, in the Year 1646 and 1647, that he had threatned that he would carry on the War againft the Moheghjs, whatever were the Mind of the Commiffioners, and that they would kill the Englifh Cattel, and heap them up as high as their Wigwams, and that an Englifh man ihould not ftir out of his Doors to Pifs, but they would kill him ; all which they could not deny ; yet did this old Fox make many Promifes of Peace, when the Dread of the Englifh, ever ftnce the Pequod-WsiV, moved them thereunto ; forefeeing, as he is faid to have told his Neigh- hours, that they would all be ruined if they made War with the Englifti, as is fince come to pafs/54 However the good Hand of God was feen in fo ordering Things, that the Narhaganfets were for the Prefent reftrained from breaking out into open Hoftility againft the Englifti at that Time when Philip began : which if they had then done, according to the Eye of Reafon, it would have been very difficult, if poffible, for the Englifti to have faved any of their inland Plantations from being utterly deftroyed. Thus hath God in his
151 Notwithftanding the Leaning with Miantonimo fek deeply the
of this PafTage is a Httle prejudicial Wrongs of his Nation, but was too
to the Charadler of Ninigret, he was poHtic to allow thofe Wrongs to be
a valuable Ally to the Colonifts. the Caufe of his own Ruin. Jn the
He was Chief of the Nianticks, a Book of the Indians will be found
Tribe of the Narraganfets, and, much concerning him.
94 A Nart^ative of the Troubles [30
Wifdom fuffered fo much of the Rage of the Heathen to be let loofe againft his People here, as to become a Scourge unto them, that by the Wrath of Men, Praife might be yielded to his holy Name, yet hath he in his abundant Good- nefs reftrained the Remainder that it fhould not confume.
[30] The next Thing in Order to be related, is the Calamity that befel the Village of Brooke- Jield, which notwithftanding all the Care that was taken, fell into the Hands of the perfideous Nip- net Indians, as fhall here in the next Place be declared; only as we pafs along to remind the Reader in a few Words, what was the Ilfue of Captain Henchmans Purfuit of Philip : the Plimouth Forces being returned Home, as was faid before. Captain Henchman with his fix Files of Men, and the Mohegin Indians, having continued in the Purfuit of Philip till they had fpent all their Pro- viiion, and tired themfelves, yet never coming within Sight of Philip, the Mohegin Indians in their Company, diredled them to Mendbam, and then leaving them, returned alfo to their own Country. Captain Henchman in his March to- wards Mendham or at Mendham, met with Captain Mojely coming up to bring him Provilion, and advertifing him of what Succefs he had met with- all in the Purfuit ; they altered their Courfe, for Captain Henchman was fent down to the Govern- our and Council to know what they fhould do : they prefently remanded him to Pocajfet, and or-
3o] with the Indians in New-England. 95
dered him to ftay there if there were need, or elfe to draw off, furrendering the Fort he had been building, to Plimouth Forces^ which lafl: was chofen by thofe of Plimouth ; when upon Captain Henchmmi returning to BoJio?j, was ordered to dif- band his Men. Capt. Mofely was ordered to march to ^abaog or Brookfield, where he con- tinued a while, the other Captains fent up for the Relief of the People there, and to feek after the Enemy in thofe Woods, and after fome Time fpent in ranging the Country thereabouts, and not meeting with any of the Infidels, he with his Company came downwards, fearching the Woods betwixt Lancajier (where a Man and his Wife with two Children were flain on the Lords Day yiug. 22.) and Malberoughy where alio a Lad keep- ing Sheep, was (hot at by an Indian that wore a Sign, as if he had been a Friend :'5s the Indian was fuppofed to belong to the Hafjdnemefit hidians^ at that Time confined to Malberough^ where they had Liberty to dwell in a Kind of Fort. The next Day the Inhabitants fent to demand their Guns ; Captain Mofely acquainted therewith,
J ^5 There were eight Perfons lard in Rolandfon's 'Narrative, zo.
killed at Lancafter on the 2 2d of " Thofe fevcn that were killed at
Auguft, while our Author feems to Lancafter upon a Sabbath Day, and
have heard of but four. Their the one that was afterwards killed
Names are George Bennet, William upon a Week Day, were flain and
Flagg, Jacob Farrar, Jof^'ph Wheel mangled in a barbarous Manner, by
cr, and Mordecai McLeod, with One-eyed-John and Marlborough's
his Wife and two of their Children. Praying Indians, which Capt. Mofely
They were killed in different Parts brought to Bofton, as the Indians
of the Town. See Whitney's Hif- told me.'' Mrs, Rowlandfon, Nar-
iory of IVorceJier County, 37. Wil- rative, p 6, ed. Bofton, 1805.
96 A Narrative of the Troubles [3 1
marched to the Fort, and found much Sufpicion againfl: eleven of them, for Singing and Dancing, and having Bullets and Slugs, and much Powder hid in their Bafkets ; infomuch that eleven of them were fent down Prifoners to Bojion upon Sufpicion that they had an Hand in Killing the four at Lancafter, and Shooting at the Malberough Shepherd : But upon Tryal the faid Prifoners were all of them quitted from the Faft, and were either releafed, or elfe were with others of that Sort, fent for better Security, and for preventing future Trouble in the like kind to fome of the Illands below Bojion towards Nantajket.^^^
[31] About this Time Capt. Mofely, was fent with a Company of Soldiers to fome Indian Plant- ations up Merimack River, as high as Penny-cock, but they found no Indians there ; thofe that be- longed to the Place having withdrawn themfelves from their native Place, that they might not meddle in the prefent Quarrel, as is confidently believed, that Wconalanjet the Sachim of that Country had refolved.'57 That Coaft being clear of the Enemies, Capt. Mofely foon after was fent
15'' A Lift of thofe Indians, from ing Indiatis. Mofely's Company
original MS. Memoranda, captured confifted of lOO Men. They burnt
and fent to Bofton by Mofely, the Wigwams and dcrtroyed the
may be fcen in the Book of the In- Provifions of Woonalanfet's Men,
dians, p. 265 Two of the moft but that Chief would not allow his
noted were Old Jethro and James- Men to attack Mofely, which they
the-Printer. might have done with Succcfs from
'■''' A Sequel of the firft Authority their Ambufhments ; and fome of
to this Expedition will be found in them requefted to be permitted to
Gen. Gookin's Hijlory of the Fray- do fo.
3[] with the Indians in New-Rngland. 97
up with his Men to the Towns Weftward about Hadly,^^^ if it might be, to fubdue the Enemy: who a little before and at that Time, was doing all the Mifchief he could in thofe Weftern Plant- ations, both by Fire and Sword.
But to return and purfue the Rebellious Indians^ and keep Pace with them in our Hiftory, though our Forces as yet could never overtake them in the Woods. The Governour and Council of the Majfachujets were fenlible of as much Danger from the Nipnet Indians, as from the former : they being the inland Part of the Country be- twixt the Sea-coaft and ConneBicut River Weft- ward, and the Towns about the Maffdchiifets Bay Eaftward ; whereupon fome Perfons that ufed to Trade with the faid Nipnets, were fent to found them, and find how they ftood affedled, for which alfo there was the more Reafon, becaufe they were always in Subjedtion to the Sachim oi Mount - Hope, and fo were the more like to engage in the prefent Quarrel, of which there had been fuffi- cient Proof already : When on the 14M oi July, fome of the Nipnet Indians next bordering on Philips Country, fet upon fome of Mendham, (a Town fcituate Northward from Mount Hope, within 36 Miles from Bojion), where they killed four or live Perfons, which was the iirft Mifchief
'5^ Mofely was at Nafhua, or as to ferve under Capt. Beers (by- he writes it — Najhozvah — on the Order of Maj. Willard), then on l6th of Augurt. He was then on his March for Springfield. Mofely's his Pennacook Expedition, as at this Letter in IVIather's Brief Hiftory, Point he detached 26 of his Men Appendix, 240, 241.
R
98 A Narrative of the Troubles [32
done upon any of the Inhabitants within the Ju- rifdid:ion of the Majfachiifets,^'^'^ a6ted as was faid by one Matoonas, who was Father to him that committed a Murder foon after Philips firft Re- bellion, An. 1671.'^° The Meifenger that was fent thither, brought Word back, that they found the faid Indians wavering ; the young were very Surly and Infolent, the elder ones iliewing fome Inclination to maintain the wonted Peace : Soon after, yuly 28, 1675, Capt. Wheeler was fent to affift Capt. Hiitchi?ifon, with a Party of twenty Horfe to treat further about the Peace ; who going firft to ^labaog or Brookfield, a Town fcitu- ate about fixty or feventy Miles from Bojion in the Road of Co?ineBicut, ly^^g about 25 Miles from the faid River, and not far diftant from the chief Seat of the Nipnet Indians ; the Inhabitants of the faid Brookjield had been fo deluded by thofe treacherous Villians, that they fearing no Danger, firft obtained of thofe Nipnets the Promife of a Treaty upon the fecond of Auguji, whereupon fome of the Chief of the Town riding along un- harmed [32] with the faid Wheeler and Hut chin- Jon, with their Party of Horfe, until they came to the Place appointed ; and finding no Indians, fo fecure were they, that they ventured along fur- ther to find the Infidels at their chief Town, never fufpedling the leaft Danger, but when they had rode four or five Miles that Way, they fell
'■^"See Ante, Note 141. ticulars of which are flilly detailed
mo "Phis has Reference to the from original Manufcripts in the Murder of Zachary Smith, the Par Book of the Indians, 263-4.
32] with the Indians in New-Rn gland. 99
into an Ambufh of two or three hundred Indians, laid in fuch a narrow Palfage, betwixt a fteep Hill on the one Hand, and an hideous Swamp on the other, that it was fcarce poffible for any of them to efcape ; eight of them being fhot down upon the Place (whereof three were of Brook field) and three mortally wounded, whereof Capt. Hiitch- infon was one. Capt. Wheeler was alfo near loling his Life, whofe Horfe was fhot down under him, and himfelf ihot through the Body, fo that all Manner of Hopes to efcape had been removed from him, had it not been for his Son, who was (by Gods good Providence) near or next unto him, being a Man of undaunted Courage (not- withftanding his own Arm was broken with a Bullet, yet) with great nimblenefs and agility of Body difmounting himfelf, fpeedily mounted his Father upon his own Horfe, himfelf getting upon another, whofe Mailer was killed, by which Means they both efcaped, and were afterwards cured. Much ado had thofe that were left alive to recover Brookfield, which in all Probability they had never done, (the common Road being waylaid with Indians on every Side, as was after- wards known,) had it not been for one'^^ well acquainted with thofe Woods, who led them in a By-path, by which Means they got thither a little before the Indians, who quickly came flocking
^1 That one was a Praying In- Gookin's Account of the unfortu-
dian, and it is prefumed that Mr. nate Expedition to guabaog, or
Hubbard could hardly have been Brookfield, and Capt. Wheeler's
ignorant of the Fadl. See Gen. Narrative
I oo A Narrative of the Troubles [3 3
into the Town, with full Intent to deftroy it with Fire and Sword. But by Ipecial Providence the Inhabitants were all gathered to the principal Houle of the Village (there being fcarce twenty in the Town) before the barbarous Mifcreants came upon them, immediately fetting Fire upon all the dwelling Houfes with moft of the other Buildings in the Town, fave that one into which the Inhabitants were retired, the which they feveral Times attempted to burn, but were almoft miraculoully defeated in their Purpofe by the immediate Hand of God. In the Mount of the Lord it pall be feen. For when they had for two Days alfaulted that poor Handful of helplefs People, both Night and Day pouring in Shot upon them incelfantly with Guns, and alfo thruft- ing Poles with Fire-brands, and Rags dip'd in Brimftone tied to the Ends of them to lire the Houfe ; at laft they ufed this develliih Strategem, to fill a Cart with Hemp, Flax and other com- buftible Matter, and fo thruft it back with Poles together fpliced a great Length, after they had kindled it ; But as foon as it had begun to take Fire, a Storm of Rain unexpediedly falling, put [33] out the Fire, or elfe all the poor People, about feventy Souls, would either have been con- fumed by mercilefs Flames, or elfe have fallen into the Hands of their cruel Enemies, like Wolves continually yelling and gaping for their Prey.'^-
''■■•^Capt. Thomas Wheeler, fo a Narration ot' it which was printed confpicuous in this Difaftcr, wrote the fame Year of its Occurrence
33] '^ith the Indians in New-England, i o i
Thus was that diftrelled Company ftrangely delivered, who have for ever Caufe to fay with the Pfalmift, Blejfed be the Lord, who hath not given us a Prey to their Teeth : our Soul is efcaped as a Bird out of the Snare of the Fowlers ; the Snare is broken, and we are efcaped. For the next Night Major PFillard,'^'> by Accident hearing of